People's Education Edition Geography for Grade 7 Volume 1

"Earth and Globe" Earth and Map PPT Courseware

1. Understand the shape and size of the earth:

1. Shape of the Earth:

The Earth is an irregular sphere that is slightly flattened at the poles and slightly bulging at the equator.

2. Size of the Earth:

Average radius: 6371 kilometers

Maximum circumference (equator circumference): about 40,000 kilometers

Surface area: 510 million square kilometers

3. The long process of humans understanding the shape of the earth:

The sky is round and the place is round

The sky is like a bamboo hat and the earth is like an overturned disk

sun moon shape

Magellan's circumnavigation of the world in the early 16th century

Satellite photos of the Earth in the 20th century

2. Model of the Earth - Globe

Tell me, what are the differences between a globe and the earth? What geographical information did you discover on the globe?

3. Points and lines on the globe: Earth’s axis

Summary: Points and lines on a globe:

1. Earth’s axis: the imaginary axis of Earth’s rotation that passes through the center of the Earth

2. Earth’s poles: two points where the Earth’s axis intersects the Earth’s surface

North Pole (N): facing the North Star, the northernmost point on Earth

Antarctica (S): Opposite the North Pole, it is the southernmost point on Earth

3. Two lines: - latitude and longitude

Equator: On the globe, the large circle equidistant from the North and South Pole

Lines of latitude: All circles parallel to the equator are called lines of latitude.

Longitude: On the globe, the line connecting the north and south poles and perpendicular to the latitude is called a longitude, also called a meridian.

Characteristics of latitude and longitude

1. Parallels of latitude: The shape is a circle; the lengths vary (the equator is the longest and shrinks to zero at the poles); indicates the east-west direction; and all parallels are parallel to each other.

2. Meridians: The shape is a semicircle; the lengths are equal; they indicate the north and south directions; and all meridians intersect at the south and north poles.

Note: Countless longitudes and latitudes can be drawn on the globe. In order to distinguish them, people have calibrated different degrees, namely longitude and latitude.

Judgment rules for the eastern and western hemispheres

Longitudes <20 degrees are all in the Eastern Hemisphere;

Meridians >160 degrees are all in the Western Hemisphere;

Longitude between 20 and 160 degrees, east longitude is in the Eastern Hemisphere; west longitude is in the Western Hemisphere.

How to determine latitude and longitude in the graticule

Determine longitude and latitude by looking at degrees (changes),

Going east (→) increases to east longitude (E)

Going west (←) increases to west longitude (W)

Going south (↓) increases to south latitude (S)

Increasing to the north (↑) is north latitude (N)

How to determine the hemisphere a place is in

Northern latitude is in the northern hemisphere,

Southern latitude is in the southern hemisphere;

Longitudes <20 degrees are all in the Eastern Hemisphere;

Meridians >160 degrees are all in the Western Hemisphere;

Longitude between 20 and 160 degrees,

East longitude is in the Eastern Hemisphere; West longitude is in the Western Hemisphere

6. Jingwei.com:

1. Definition: A network of longitude and latitude lines on a globe or map.

Note: Longitude and latitude lines intersect each other perpendicularly.

2.Use:

① Determine the longitude and latitude of a certain point on the earth’s surface

② Determine the relative position between two places on the earth’s surface

1. The latitude of the North Pole is ( )

A.90° B.0° C.90°S D.90°N

2. Among the following four parallels, the shortest one is ( )

A.Equator B.Tropic of tropic C.Polar circle D.8 degrees south latitude

3. Except for the poles, there can be longitude lines passing through any point on the surface of the earth ( )

A. Countless B. Two C. One D. 180

4. On the globe, the intersection point of 00 latitude and 1800 longitude is ( )

A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4

5. Which of the following statements about meridian lines is correct ( )

A. The longitude is also called the prime meridian.

B. All meridians are equal in length

C. Meridians indicate the east-west direction

D. A warp line is a warp coil

1. The shape of the Earth: ______, the average radius of the Earth = ___.

2. Longitude lines indicate ___ direction, shape___, length___; latitude lines indicate ___ direction, shape___, length___: the longest latitude line is ___, and its length is about ___; the length of latitude lines with the same latitude ___.

3.The latitude of the North Pole is ___. Stand in the ___ direction around the North Pole. The North Pole is surrounded by ___ (land? ocean?)

4. The dividing line between the northern and southern hemispheres___, the dividing line between the eastern and western hemispheres___; the prime meridian is located in the ___ hemisphere, and the 1800 meridian is located in the ___ hemisphere.

5. The dividing line between east and west longitude is ___ and ___; ______the dividing line between north and south latitude is ___.

6. On the globe, there are ___ intersection points between 00 latitude and 1800 longitude.

7.Except for the poles, there are ___ meridians passing through any point on the earth's surface.

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For more information about the "Earth and Map Earth and Globe" PPT courseware, please click the Earth and Map ppt Earth and Globe ppt tag.

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