"Peking Opera Gongs and Drums" PPT courseware

"Peking Opera Gongs and Drums" PPT courseware

The formation of Peking Opera

Peking Opera is known as Chinese Opera, and its predecessor is Hui Opera.

The opera activities in ancient Huizhou were relatively early and gained momentum in the mid-Ming Dynasty. Sheren, Wang Daokun, who rose from an official to the Minister of War during the Jiajing period, was an outstanding playwright. Although he held a military position, he also composed essays and poems, and was especially good at dramas. He wrote historical dramas such as "A Dream of Gaotang", "A Journey to Five Lakes", and "Luoshui Bei", which were popular in Huizhou. Entering the Qing Dynasty, Huizhou's opera activities were in the ascendant, which was mainly related to Huizhou's idea of ​​"people who live in learning, people who practice business", "business and both", and the integration of commercial capital and wealthy gentry. While developing the Huizhou merchant economy, it also promoted the great development of opera culture, making education and entertainment possible.

The formation of Hui opera is based on the combination of Hui opera and Qingyang opera, the exchange and integration of Luantan and blowing operas, and the certain influence of Kun opera, which led to the formation of Hui troupe and Hui gang. The famous four classes at that time were Qingsheng, Caiqing, Tongqing and Yangchun.

In the 55th year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (AD 1790), four major Hui troupes came to Beijing to perform one after another, causing a sensation in the capital. Later, during the Jiaqing and Daoguang years, they cooperated with Han opera artists from Hubei and influenced each other. They accepted some repertoires, tunes and performance methods of Kun Opera and Qin Opera, absorbed some folk tunes, and gradually formed a quite complete artistic style and performance system. , evolved into Peking Opera.

Stage and space-time method

In the past, there was no big curtain on the Peking Opera stage, so the audience could see the entire stage clearly at a glance. There is usually only one table with a "table surround" and two chairs with a "chair cover" on the stage, which is called "one table and two chairs". The table surrounds and chair drapes have decorative embroidery. Sometimes there is nothing on stage. Later, a large curtain was added in front of the stage, which was used to cover the stage before performances. Sometimes during the performance, another curtain is pulled up, which is called the "second curtain". It is used to block the preparation work such as setting up tables and chairs and actors changing costumes behind the scenes. Actors can perform in front of the curtain at the same time, making the Peking Opera performance more compact. .

The time and space of the Peking Opera stage are very free, and it is not restricted by the time and space of real life. After the curtain opens and before the actors come on stage, the stage does not indicate any time or place. The time and space of Peking Opera dance are determined by the activities of the actors. For example, after a certain character in Peking Opera comes on stage, he can indicate that the stage is his study by speaking and singing. But the study no longer exists after he comes off the stage, and then another character comes on. Through his physical performance, it can be shown that the stage is a rugged mountain road. When a person is sitting idle at his own home and wants to visit a friend's home, he walks in a circle on the stage (called a "circle"), and his home is transformed into his friend's home. For another example, when a character in a play is shocked when he hears unexpected news, this is a momentary psychological reaction, but in order to portray the character, it can take a long time to sing. On the contrary, processes such as writing letters, reading letters, and drinking wine originally require a certain amount of time, but for the sake of simplicity, they only need to perform gestures and play a suona tune at the same time, and it is completed.

Therefore, when appreciating Peking Opera, the audience needs to use their imagination along with the actors' narration, singing and performance, so as to understand the time, place and environment in the play.

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