"Organic Synthetic Materials" Chemistry and Life PPT Courseware 3

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"Organic Synthetic Materials" Chemistry and Life PPT Courseware 3

[Thinking] What are organic matter? What are inorganics? Among known substances, are there more organic substances or inorganic substances?

1. Organic compounds

Knowledge points

Organic compounds: Compounds containing carbon are called organic compounds. (But CO, CO2, H2CO3, CaCO3, etc. must be removed.)

Organic polymer compounds: refers to organic matter with a large relative molecular mass. Such as: starch, protein, etc.

General characteristics of organic matter

Most organic compounds are poorly soluble in water.

Most organic matter decomposes easily when heated and burns easily.

Most organic compounds do not conduct electricity easily and have low melting points.

2. Organic synthetic materials

Materials made of organic polymer compounds are organic polymer materials.

Natural organic polymer materials such as cotton, wool, and natural rubber.

Synthetic organic polymer materials (synthetic materials) such as plastics, synthetic fibers, and synthetic rubber.

The composition of organic polymer compounds

Most organic polymer compounds are polymerized from small molecules.

Such as: starch (C6H10O5)n, polyethylene, etc.

1. Plastic

Thermoplastics: such as: polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, etc.

Thermosetting plastics: such as: phenolic plastics (bakelite).

2. Synthetic fibers

Synthetic fibers have high strength, good elasticity, wear resistance, and chemical corrosion resistance, but have poor water absorption and air permeability. Such as: polyester (reliable), nylon (nylon), acrylic (artificial wool), etc.

Synthetic fibers are often mixed with natural fibers to make clothes comfortable and crisp.

3. Synthetic rubber

Compared with natural rubber, synthetic rubber has high elasticity, insulation, oil resistance and high temperature resistance. Such as: styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber and chloroprene rubber, etc.

How to solve the problem of "white pollution"?

① Reduce the use of unnecessary plastic products, such as using cloth bags instead of plastic bags.

②Reuse certain plastic products such as plastic bags, plastic boxes, etc.

③ Use some new, degradable plastics, such as microbial degradable plastics and photodegradable plastics.

④Recycle various waste plastics.

⑴ Directly used as material. For example, recycled polyethylene plastic is made into recycled film and used as packaging bags.

⑵Pyrolysis into monomers. For example, organic glass is pyrolyzed into monomers and then re-polymerized into finished products.

⑶Made into fuel and gas. Plastics that cannot or are difficult to decompose can be decomposed into diesel, kerosene and gasoline under catalysts and high temperature conditions, and even cracked into gas.

【Classroom Exercise】

[Example 1] There are two main categories of compounds: ___________ and ___________. ___________ all contain carbon elements, such as ______, _____, etc.

[Example 2] Among the four substances, methane, ethanol, carbonic acid, and acetic acid, the one that is not an organic substance is ______.

[Example 3] Polymer materials with a chain structure have _________ properties, while most polymer materials with a network structure will not melt by heat once they are processed and formed, but have _________ properties.

[Example 4] Which of the following is not a polymer compound ()

A.Protein B.Ethanol C.Starch D.Polyethylene

[Example 5] Among the following substances, which one is not a synthetic material ()

A.Queliang B.Nylon C.Silk D.Acrylic

[Example 6] The "white pollution" that needs to be solved urgently in our country usually refers to ()

A. White smoke from smelting plant

B. White powder from lime kiln

C. Polyethylene and other plastic waste

D.White building materials

[Example 7] Among the polymer materials used in the following substances, which one do you think is thermosetting? ()

A.Plastic sandals

B.Bicycle inner tube

C. Plastic sheath outside the wire

D. Plastic parts of electric iron

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For more information about the "Chemistry and Life Organic Synthetic Materials" PPT courseware, please click the Chemistry and Life ppt Organic Synthetic Materials ppt tab.

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Update Time: 2024-10-19

This template belongs to Chemistry courseware People's Education Press Ninth Grade Chemistry Volume 2 industry PPT template

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