"Opposition Eight-legged Composition (Excerpt)" PPT

"Opposition Eight-legged Composition (Excerpt)" PPT

The first part: independent learning before class

1. Know the background

The Chinese Communist Party has made several left-leaning and right-leaning mistakes in history, causing huge losses to the revolutionary cause. The fundamental reason was that the leaders at that time did not proceed from the specific conditions of the Chinese revolution and could not integrate Marxist-Leninist theory with the reality of the Chinese revolution. Instead, they started from subjective assumptions and treated Marxist-Leninist theory dogmatically.

Under this circumstance, in order to purify the party's style of work, clean up the ideological influence of left and right opportunism, and improve the party's combat effectiveness, the party launched the famous Yan'an Rectification Movement "Companion Reading" in 1941, which targeted The entire party and all cadres conducted a profound Marxist-Leninist education. During the rectification movement, Comrade Mao Zedong made reports on "Rectifying the Party's Style", "Opposing Eight-Party Party Writing" and "Reforming Our Study", which served as guiding documents for the rectification movement. The article "Opposition Eight-legged Composition (Excerpt)" focuses on the issue of improving "writing style."

[Companion Reading] The Yan'an Rectification Movement lasted for three years and achieved great achievements. It had a positive and far-reaching impact on subsequent historical development, especially the process of the Sinicization of Marxism.

2. Mingwen style

political papers

Political essays are argumentative essays that explain and comment on current major events and social issues from a political perspective. They are diverse in form, wide in scope, and have a certain political tendency. All articles that discuss and reason about current political issues can fall into the category of political essays.

Characteristics of political papers:

Political papers should be precise, rigorous, and agitative; the words are often macroscopic and political terms are frequently used; the sentence patterns are single, there are few connecting components, and there is no clear logical relationship between sentences.

3. Expand knowledge

eight-legged stock

Eight-legged essay, also known as "eight-part essay", was originally an examination style stipulated in the imperial examination system in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It requires candidates to read certain books, learn certain annotations (mainly Zhu Xi's annotations), and write an article according to the prescribed specifications. Even the number of words is limited. Candidates can only write perfunctorily according to the number of words in the question. Each article is composed of eight parts: breaking the title, carrying the title, beginning, entering the title, starting part, middle part, back part, and final part. Each of the last four parts has two parallel strands of text, totaling eight parts in total. This kind of eight-legged essay is rigid in both content and form, constraining people's thinking. At that time, the articles and education of the ruling class and its helpers were also in this stereotyped style. One of the great achievements of the May 4th Movement was the overthrow of old stereotypes. However, soon some bourgeois literati blindly worshiped foreign countries and peddled Western dogma. Mr. Lu Xun called those foreign dogmas and stylized expressions "foreign stereotypes." Party stereotypes refer to articles written by some people in the revolutionary ranks. Such articles do not analyze things, but just use some revolutionary terminology. They say nothing and are full of empty words, just like "eight-legged essays", so they are called party stereotypes. .

Opposition Party Eight-legged PPT, Part 2: Construction and Research of Task Groups

text construction

Summary of main themes

This article profoundly exposes the crimes of the Party's stereotyped writing and its harm to the revolutionary work, and clarifies the great significance of abandoning the Party's stereotyped writing and establishing a lively, fresh and powerful Marxist-Leninist style of writing.

Task exploration

Task 1: The argumentation methods are varied and the forms are vivid and diverse - explore the argumentation methods of the text

Mission guidance

The argumentation methods in this article are varied and the forms are vivid and diverse. There are examples, citations, analogies, and occasionally metaphors. Due to the changeable methods, the form is vivid and lively, avoiding rigid abstract reasoning. The readers are also influenced by the powerful and irrefutable arguments. A lively, fresh and powerful education in Marxist-Leninist writing style.

mission design

1. This article uses a variety of argumentation methods. Please analyze it in conjunction with the text.

Answer: ① Metaphorical argument. When exposing and criticizing the sixth crime of stereotyped party writing, the author uses the analogy of washing one's face and looking in the mirror. The same metaphor, used twice. First, let’s explain from the positive side that when writing articles and making speeches, you should be as serious and responsible as washing your face. Then, from the negative side, it will be explained that if you occasionally fail to wash your face, it won’t do much harm. When writing articles and giving speeches, if you are irresponsible, the harm will be great. Use familiar metaphors from life to explain the truth in a simple and profound way.

②Citation argument. When revealing the second charge, the author quoted Lu Xun's words: "Insults and threats are by no means fighting." In addition, he also quoted proverbs, sayings, etc. to prove his point of view.

③ Give examples to demonstrate. For example, the article gives examples of Stalin's speeches and Capital. The arguments of these typical examples make the argument more convincing.

④ Comparative argument. For example, comparing Das Kapital with articles written by some masters will make the point of view more clear.

2. (Extension) Please use a variety of argumentation methods to demonstrate the central point of "diligence can make up for weakness".

Answer: (Example) Zhang Pu of my country's Ming Dynasty was very "stupid" when he was a child. He often had to read dozens of times to memorize things that others could memorize after just a few minutes. However, he did not lose heart. Every time he got an article, he copied it carefully, corrected it, read it aloud, burned it, and copied it again. In this way, an article often needs to be copied six or seven times. Later, he gradually became agile in writing and eloquent in speaking. At the age of 26, he wrote the world-famous "Five Tombstones".

On the contrary, Zhongyong was able to compose poems at the age of 5, which can be said to be an outstanding talent. Because of his intelligence, his father took him around to compose poems to show off. Zhongyong no longer wanted to make progress. When he grew up, he became mediocre and "disappeared from everyone"!

It can be seen that although the difference in innate intelligence factors is undeniable, acquired diligence can make up for the lack of innate intelligence.

Opposition Party Eight-legged PPT, Part 3: Task Group Reading and Practice

Read the following three materials and complete the following learning tasks.

As soon as the material was changed, the style of writing and speech also took on a new look: do not read the manuscript, tell the truth, get useful information, talk about problems, "you need to be tough to make iron", etc. have become buzzwords, and leaders' foreign affairs reports are even better than microblogs. The blog is still short. However, with the new wind blowing, many long-standing shortcomings in writing style have become more eye-catching.

The excuse that "the leader is not here", the perfunctory "red beans boil water" theory, the "high attention" theory after the accident, the "universal reply" post that is hung all year round... all of these are not unfamiliar to people. Documents for governance There are countless regulations. So some people can't help but sigh: It's easy to shake a mountain, but it's hard to shake official talk. This not only shows that the problem of writing style is a hard nut to crack, but also requires that the crux of the problem must be identified and the key points must be identified in order to be effective and have long-term effects.

Material 2 As the saying goes, "Writing is like the person it is." Liu Gongquan, a calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, once advised Emperor Mu Zong of the Tang Dynasty to "use the pen with the heart in mind, and the heart will be straight, and the pen will be straight", which pointed out the interrelationship between writing style and political ethics. Writing style is a mirror that reflects ability and level, and reflects responsibility and quality. The writing style is not correct, and "long, empty, and false" are rampant. This is not only rigid expression and poor knowledge, but also has impure party spirit and lack of political ethics.

For example, if you are cautious about protecting yourself but are timid in doing things, you will pretend to be confused, walk around in the face of conflicts, and talk some indifferent "circumstances"; if you do not distinguish between public and private affairs, and are driven by utilitarianism, you will rack your brains to please. Superiors will go to great lengths to brag about their political achievements, write flattering articles, and air "empty cannons"; lose their bottom line and talk double-heartedly, and will say one thing to their faces and do another behind their backs, becoming a "two-faced person" who talks good but does evil deeds; break away. The masses, who have no regard for people's livelihood, will condescend to use official language and talk a lot of beautiful empty words and useless nonsense.

1. Study material 1 and talk about the main argumentation methods used in these two paragraphs and their functions.

Answer: Method: Present the facts from both pros and cons. Function: Use facts to form contrasts, elicit topics about writing style, and attract readers' attention.

2. Read Material 2 and talk about the linguistic features and expression effects of these two paragraphs.

Answer: Use the rhetorical technique of parallelism to create a strong momentum, highlight the phenomenon of "long, empty, and false" words, and criticize some officials for their impure party spirit and lack of political ethics. (Or: Use a lot of four-character phrases, short sentences, and fast rhythm, which can strengthen the tone and highlight...)

Keywords: Free download of PPT courseware for high school Chinese compulsory course I published by the Ministry of Education, PPT download of opposition party stereotypes, .PPT format;

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"Opposition Eight-legged Composition (Excerpt)" PPT courseware:

"Opposition Party Eight-Part Composition (Excerpt)" PPT Courseware Part One Content: [Reading Aid Expo] 1. Charming Writer Mao Zedong, the great leader of the Chinese people Mao Zedong (1893-1976), whose courtesy name was Runzhi and whose pen name was Ziren. A native of Xiangtan, Hunan. Born to a farmer in Shaoshan, Xiangtan, Hunan..