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"Obtaining Organic Compounds from Fossil Fuels" Simple Organic Compounds PPT (Lesson 2 Petroleum Cracking and Ethylene)
Part 1: Essential knowledge and foundation of literacy
1. Cracking of petroleum
1. Experiment to explore the cracking of petroleum
(1) Experimental device
(2)Experimental phenomena
2. Oil cracking
3. Unsaturated hydrocarbons and alkenes
【Micro thinking】
What are the differences and connections between oil cracking and cracking?
Tip: The principles of cracking and cracking are the same, but the cracking temperature is higher, and cracking is also called deep cracking. The purpose of the two is different. Cracking is to improve the yield and quality of light liquid fuel, while the purpose of cracking is to obtain gaseous short-chain hydrocarbons.
2. Ethylene
1. Molecular composition and structure
(1)Composition and structure
(2) Structural features
2.Physical properties
3.Chemical properties
Analyze the following experiments and summarize the chemical properties of ethylene
(1) Oxidation reaction.
(2)Addition reaction.
①Concept: A reaction in which carbon atoms on _____ in organic molecules are directly combined with other atoms (or groups of atoms) to form new compound molecules.
②Addition reaction of ethylene.
4.Uses of ethylene
(1) Ethylene is an important basic organic chemical raw material used in the production of plastics and other chemical products. At present, the world has taken ___________ as a symbol to measure the development level of a country's petrochemical industry.
(2) Ethylene is a plant growth regulator.
【Smart Judgment】
(1) The simplified structural formula of ethylene is CH2CH2. ()
Tip:×. The functional group "=" in the ethylene molecule cannot be omitted when writing the simplified structural formula.
(2) The chemical properties of ethylene are more active than ethane. ()
Tips:√. One of the double bonds of ethylene is easily broken and its chemical properties are more active.
(3) One of the ethylene double bonds can be broken, and addition reactions and substitution reactions are prone to occur. ()
Tip:×. One of the ethylene double bonds can be broken, making addition reactions easy to occur.
Obtaining organic compounds from fossil fuels PPT, Part 2 content: Key capabilities and literacy formation
Knowledge Points: Comparison of Ethane and Ethylene
[Key points to clarify doubts]
1. Molecular structure
2. Chemical properties
3. Identification of ethylene and ethane
4. Methods to remove ethylene from ethane
Pass the mixed gas through a gas scrubbing bottle containing bromine water, as shown in the figure.
【Error-prone Reminder】Things to note when learning the properties of ethylene
(1) Ethylene is a flammable gas and can easily explode when mixed with air when exposed to an open flame. Therefore, the purity of ethylene must be checked before igniting it.
(2) Acidic potassium permanganate solution has strong oxidizing properties and can oxidize ethylene to CO2. Therefore, acidic potassium permanganate solution can be used to identify alkanes and ethylene, but cannot be used to remove ethylene from alkanes (because of the introduction of new impurity carbon dioxide).
[Regular method] Comparison between addition reaction and substitution reaction
【Think·Discussion】
(1) All atoms in the ethylene molecule are on the same plane, propylene
What about (CH3CH＝CH2)?
Tip: Propylene contains methyl (CH3—), and the carbon atom in it forms a tetrahedral structure with the surrounding three hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom, so all the atoms in propylene are not on the same plane.
(2) Ethylene reacts with hydrogen to form ethane. If we want to remove the ethylene gas mixed in ethane, can we use the method of introducing hydrogen? If not, what method should be used?
Tip: No. When removing impurities in gas, passing the gas can easily introduce new impurities, which can only be done through solutions or solids. The mixed gas can be passed through a sufficient amount of bromine water, and ethylene and bromine react to form 1,2-dibromoethane liquid, while ethane will neither react nor be dissolved in water.
(3) Why does methane burn without black smoke, but ethylene burns with black smoke?
Tip: Because the carbon content in methane molecules is low, it is fully burned; the carbon content in ethylene molecules is relatively large (85.7%), and it is not completely burned, producing small carbon particles.
(4) Ethylene can discolor both acidic KMnO4 solution and bromine water. Are the two principles the same?
Hint: Not the same. Ethylene makes the acidic KMnO4 solution fade, an oxidation reaction occurs, and ethylene is oxidized; while ethylene causes bromine water to fade, an addition reaction occurs, and ethylene and bromine add to form 1,2-dibromoethane.
【Migration·Application】
1. At room temperature, the following substances can discolor both bromine water and acidic KMnO4 solution, and the chemical reaction principles are the same ()
A.CH2＝CH2 B.SO2
C.H2 D.CH3CH3
[Analysis] Choose B. H2 and CH3CH3 can neither cause the fading of bromine water nor the acidic KMnO4 solution; the addition reaction between ethylene and Br2 causes the bromine water to fade. When being oxidized by the acidic KMnO4 solution, the acidic KMnO4 solution will fade; SO2 can react with the acidic KMnO4 solution and bromine. The water undergoes a redox reaction, causing the bromine water and acidic KMnO4 solution to fade.
2. (2019·Fuzhou Grade 1 Test) Which of the following substances cannot be ethylene addition products ()
A.CH3CH3 B.CH3CHCl2
C.CH3CH2OHD.CH3CH2Br
[Analysis] Choose B. In the CH2 = CH2 addition reaction, one atom or atomic group should be added to each carbon atom, and item B does not comply with this.
【Compensation training】
(2019·Weifang High School Detection) When hydrocarbons are completely burned, the volume ratio of oxygen consumed to CO2 generated is 3:2. This hydrocarbon can discolor acidic potassium permanganate solution and bromine water, so the hydrocarbon’s The molecular formula may be ()
A. C3H4B. C2H4C. C2H6D. C6H6
[Analysis] Choose B. The general combustion formula of hydrocarbons is CnHm+(n+m/4)O2→nCO2 +m/2H2O, so according to the meaning of the question, (n+m/4):n=3:2, the solution is n:m=1: 2. And because this hydrocarbon can discolor acidic potassium permanganate solution and bromine water, it should be ethylene.
【Quality Improvement】
Research shows that many mature fruits slowly release ethylene, which has a ripening effect on other immature fruits. When transporting fruits over long distances, in order to prevent the fruits from over-ripening and rotting, diatomaceous earth soaked in potassium permanganate solution is often placed in the container containing the fruits.
(1) Can ethylene be removed by soaking fruits in water?
(2) Why can potassium permanganate solution absorb ethylene?
Tips: (1) The solubility of ethylene in water is very small, so ethylene cannot be removed by soaking in water, and long-term soaking in water will cause the fruit to rot and deteriorate.
(2) Ethylene contains carbon-carbon double bonds and can be oxidized by potassium permanganate. Therefore, potassium permanganate solution can be used to absorb ethylene to prevent premature fruit ripening.
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For more information about the PPT courseware "Simple Organic Compounds Obtaining Organic Compounds from Fossil Fuels Petroleum Cracking and Ethylene", please click Simple Organic Compounds ppt Obtaining Organic Compounds from Fossil Fuels ppt Petroleum Cracking and Ethylene ppt label.
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