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"Nuclear Energy" Energy and Sustainable Development PPT Courseware 4
Review questions
1. What does the nucleus consist of?
is composed of protons and neutrons
2. If there are no electrons in the nucleus, how can electrons be released?
It turns out that the electrons released in the nucleus are produced when a certain nuclear reaction occurs in the nucleus. In this reaction, a neutron becomes an electron and a proton.
What happens to the energy when the nucleus of an atom changes?
1. Nuclear energy
1. Atomic structure
Take the water molecule, for example: it consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.
Atoms are composed of a nucleus and electrons outside the nucleus.
(1) A hydrogen atom consists of a nucleus and an extranuclear electron.
The nucleus of an atom has a proton, which has a positive charge, and the electrons outside the nucleus have a negative charge. Both have the same charge.
(2) Oxygen atom consists of a nucleus and eight extranuclear electrons.
There are eight protons and eight neutrons in the nucleus. Since neutrons are uncharged, the positive and negative charges are still the same.
2. nuclear energy
Protons and neutrons are tightly bound together by the powerful nuclear force. It is extremely difficult to separate or combine them.
When the nuclei of larger masses split or the nuclei of smaller masses combine with each other, it is possible to release amazing energy, which is nuclear energy.
Self-study test
1. The nucleus is composed of _______ and _______. Protons have a _______ charge and neutrons have a _______ charge.
2. Protons and neutrons are combined together by powerful _______. If the nuclei of larger masses split or the nuclei of smaller masses combine with each other, it is possible to release amazing energy. This is _______.
instant practice
1. Atoms, nuclei, electrons, neutrons, protons, what is the relationship between them? Which ones are uncharged? Which ones are live? What kind of electricity do you carry?
2. How big are atoms and nuclei? Research shows that if they are regarded as a sphere, the atomic radius is on the order of 10−10 m, and the nuclear radius is on the order of 10−15 m. For example, if the size of an atom is as big as the "Bird's Nest" stadium for the Beijing Olympics, how big should the nucleus be? Is it equivalent to basketball, softball, or table tennis? Or broad beans or mung beans?
Self-study test
1. Which of the following statements is incorrect ( )
A. The energy released when atomic nuclei split or aggregate is called nuclear energy.
B. Bombarding larger nuclei with neutrons can cause fission to obtain nuclear energy.
C. The chain reaction in a nuclear power plant can be controlled
D. The chain reaction that occurs when an atomic bomb explodes can also be controlled.
2. There are two ways to obtain nuclear energy: one is the _______ of the atomic nucleus, and the other is _______; the device that releases nuclear energy through artificial control is called _______, and the power station that uses nuclear energy to generate electricity is called _______.
Question 1. What are the physical principles of making an atomic bomb? What are the conditions required to achieve an atomic bomb explosion?
(1) Nuclear power, nuclear energy
There is a strong nuclear force between nuclei
The combination of nuclei into nuclei and the division of nuclei are accompanied by huge energy changes.
(2) Nuclear energy calculation
Einstein's mass-energy equation: E=mc2 △E=△mc2
(3) Heavy nuclear fission
23592U+10 n →9038Sr+13654Xe +1010n
When 1 kilogram of uranium is completely fissured, the energy released is equivalent to 2,500 tons of high-quality coal.
collaborative inquiry
1. Think about it: What happens when you light the first match like Figure 22.2-2?
After the first match has burned, its two matches will begin to burn. After these two matches have burned, the following four matches will begin to burn...
2. Observe Figure 22.2-3. Combined with the phenomenon in Figure 22.2-2, imagine what will happen after a neutron hits the first uranium nucleus? Talk to each other.
3. How do scientists describe this phenomenon. chain reaction
4. What is the name of the method of obtaining nuclear energy through chain reaction? Nuclear fission
Instructions and advice
1. Two ways for humans to use nuclear energy:
Nuclear fission:
A. Power generation (controllable chain reaction).
B. Make an atomic bomb. (Uncontrollable chain reaction).
2. Nuclear fusion: C. Making hydrogen bombs (uncontrollable nuclear fusion)
Class exercises
A thermonuclear reaction in which four protons are fused into one helium continuously occurs inside the sun. This nuclear reaction of the sun releases 3.8×1026J of energy every second, which is the energy of the sun.
(1) Write the equation for this nuclear reaction.
(2) How much energy can this nuclear reaction release?
(3) How many kilograms does the sun's mass decrease every second?
(4) The current mass of the sun is 2×1030kg. If the mass of the sun is reduced by three ten thousandths, this thermonuclear reaction cannot continue to occur. Calculate how many years this thermonuclear reaction of the sun can last? (mp=1.0073u, ma=4.0015u, me=0.00055u, 1u=1.66×10-27kg)
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For more information about the "Nuclear Energy and Sustainable Development" PPT courseware, please click on the "Nuclear Energy ppt Energy and Sustainable Development ppt" tab.
"Nuclear Energy" PPT courseware:
"Nuclear Energy" PPT courseware Part One: Nuclear Energy The energy released during the change of atomic nuclei. There are two ways to obtain nuclear energy: 1. Fission. A process in which a heavier atomic nucleus splits into two new nuclei under neutron bombardment and releases energy. 2..
"Nuclear Energy" PPT:
"Nuclear Energy" PPT Part One Content: Learning Objectives 1. Master the two ways to obtain nuclear energy. 2. View the peaceful use of nuclear energy from the perspective of dialectical materialism. 3. Understand the development history, current situation and prospects of my country's nuclear energy, and cultivate students' patriotic sentiments. ... ... ..
"Nuclear Energy" Energy and Sustainable Development PPT Courseware 5:
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