"New Materials and Their Applications" Scale, Mass and Density of the Material World PPT Courseware 4

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"New Materials and Their Applications" Scale, Mass and Density of the Material World PPT Courseware 4

(1) Nanomaterials

1. Nano is a unit of _____, 1nm=______m;

2. The thickness of a piece of paper is about 0.1mm, or _____nm.

A series of effects caused by nano-sized substances:

1. The ability of nanometer-sized materials to reflect light is very low;

2. The mechanical and mechanical properties of nano-sized materials increase exponentially;

3. The melting point of nano-sized substances will be greatly reduced;

4. Nano-sized substances have special magnetism;

2: Green energy

(1) Battery

1. Dry battery: can only be used once, discarding will pollute the environment;

2. Lead-acid battery: can be used multiple times, but is too bulky to carry;

3. Lithium battery: small in size, light in weight, can be recharged multiple times, and causes little environmental pollution;

4. Silicon photovoltaic cells: Convert solar energy into electrical energy without causing any pollution to the environment;

Development of solar cells

1. Monocrystalline silicon solar cells convert solar energy into electrical energy with an efficiency of about 20%, and are relatively expensive.

2. Polycrystalline silicon solar cells convert solar energy into electrical energy with an efficiency of less than 20% and are relatively expensive.

3. Amorphous silicon solar cells have an efficiency of only about 13% in converting solar energy into electrical energy. They are relatively cheap and suitable for promotion and use.

4. The solar cell developed by Boeing Company in the United States is composed of gallium arsenide semiconductor and gallium antimonide semiconductor. The photoelectric conversion rate is as high as 36%. However, this kind of solar energy is too expensive and can only be used on satellites.

Class exercises:

1. Nanotechnology refers to science and technology within the nanoscale, which is the forefront of modern science and technology. Nano is a small ______ unit, 1nm =______m;

2. The dry batteries we use for a long time in our daily life have the advantage of being lightweight, but they can only be used once and will ______ after being discarded; lead-acid batteries can be used repeatedly, but they will ______ again; lithium produced from electrodes made of lithium Ion batteries have the characteristics of volume______, mass______, ability to be charged multiple times, environmental pollution______, etc. The most ideal green energy is ______.

3. The main components of memory alloy are ______ and ______. Its physical property is that when the temperature reaches a certain value, the ______ structure inside the material will change, which leads to the change of ______.

Class summary:

In this lesson, we mainly learned about

1. Nanomaterials and their applications;

2. Development and utilization of green energy;

3. New materials----memory alloy;

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Update Time: 2024-10-21

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