"New Materials and Their Applications" PPT courseware on the scale, mass and density of the material world
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"New Materials and Their Applications" PPT courseware on the scale, mass and density of the material world

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"New Materials and Their Applications" PPT courseware on the scale, mass and density of the material world

【Experience】New materials in life

Activity 1: Go to the mall to actually check out the clothes with self-cleaning function, or find some information about clothes with self-cleaning function on the Internet.

Activity 2: Find some information on "green" energy and memory alloys from the Internet.

pre-study questions

1. What is the unit of nanometer? What is the size of this unit?

2. What are the characteristics of nanomaterials?

3. What are the common “green” energy sources? What are their characteristics?

4. What are the main components of memory alloy? What are the characteristics of memory alloy?

Explore nanomaterials, new materials and their applications

Combined with "experience", think about the following questions:

1. The definition range of nanomaterials is ______, 1nm=______m.

Tip: Nanomaterials refer to materials whose basic unit size is limited to the range of 1 to 100nm, which is approximately equivalent to the scale of 10 to 100 molecules closely arranged together. Nano is a unit of length, that is, 1nm=10-9m.

Reference answer: 1~100nm 10-9

2. In what aspects do nanomaterials show special properties that are different from ordinary materials?

Tip: The reduction of the particle size of nanomaterials has caused changes in many properties of matter, and some strange and abnormal properties have appeared. For example, it can deodorize, sterilize, and does not stick to water or oil. The strength, hardness, and toughness of the substance have all undergone qualitative changes, and it has strange optical, thermal, mechanical and other strange properties.

Reference answer: It can inhibit bacterial growth, has self-cleaning properties, can enhance toughness, etc.

Knowledge summary

1. Nanomaterials

1. Concept:

Materials that process the scale of matter to the ________ range, 1m=___nm.

2. Features:

(1) Inhibit the growth of _____, such as antibacterial baby bottles, etc.

(2) _____ performance, such as not staining ___, oily clothes, etc.

(3) Enhance _____, such as the cylinder block of nano-ceramic engines, etc.

3. Memory alloy

1. Main ingredients: ___ and ___.

2. Features:

When the temperature reaches a certain value, the _________ inside the material will change, resulting in changes in _____.

Test Points Application of Nanomaterials

[Typical example] (2011·Shaanxi High School Entrance Examination) Nano is the unit of length, 1nm=_______m. The picture shows the world's smallest generator - a nanogenerator. Nanogenerators mainly rely on crystalline materials such as zinc oxide to generate voltage under mechanical pressure to convert _______ energy into _______ energy to provide power for nanodevices.

[Guidance of Thoughts] To answer this question, grasp the following key points:

(1)The progress between nm and m is 10-9.

(2) Distinguish the original energy and what energy was obtained in the end.

[Concise Lecture and Analysis] This question mainly tests the mastery of nanometer units and the understanding of energy conversion forms. 1m=109nm. So 1nm=10-9m. Nanogenerators require mechanical pressure to produce voltage, so they convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Answer: 10-9 Mechanical Electrical

[Method Summary] Memorize the characteristics of various new materials

(1) Nanomaterials have the characteristics of self-cleaning and inhibiting bacterial growth;

(2) Green energy is efficient and environmentally friendly;

(3) Memory alloy has super "memory" ability.

1. Rich and colorful materials have various properties. Which of the following statements about the properties and applications of materials is correct ()

A. Using steel as building materials mainly uses its conductivity

B. Use rubber to make automobile tires, mainly due to its high hardness

C. The spring in the mechanical watch is mainly used for its elasticity

D. Glass can be divided into different sizes and shapes as needed, mainly using its ductility

[Analysis] Choose C. Think and answer based on the properties of different materials and the requirements of the objects they make. Using steel as building materials does not use its conductivity, but its high hardness, tensile strength and other characteristics; use rubber to make car tires, because rubber is A very good elastic material that can greatly reduce the vibration and bumps of cars; the spring in mechanical watches mainly uses its elasticity to store the energy needed to rotate the watch; glass can be divided into different sizes and shapes as needed. Is to use its brittleness.

2. Regarding nanotechnology, which of the following statements is incorrect ()

A. Nano is a unit of length, the symbol is nm

B. All high-tech products are related to nanotechnology

C. Nanotechnology is the forefront of modern science and technology, and our country’s research in this area has reached the world’s advanced level.

D. People have discovered many new phenomena at the nanoscale, bringing many new advances to technology.

[Analysis] Choose B. Nano is a unit of length, and its symbol is nm. Since the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope, a new discipline with a scale of 1 to 100 nm as its research object has been born in the world. This is nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is the forefront of modern science and technology, bringing new phenomena to our understanding and transformation of the world, but not all high-tech products are related to nanotechnology.

3. As a high-tech material, nanoceramics are widely used. They are wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, high-temperature resistant, anti-penetration, and completely non-magnetic. But it cannot be used in which of the following technologies? ()

A.Bus IC card B.Nano ceramic knife

C. Exterior coating of "Chang'e 2" D. Container containing concentrated sulfuric acid

[Analysis] Choose A. This question examines the application and development prospects of nanomaterials. The IC card is a magnetic material, so it cannot be made of nanoceramics; the nanoceramic knife utilizes wear resistance; the surface coating of "Chang'e 2" utilizes high temperature resistance; and the container containing concentrated sulfuric acid utilizes corrosion resistance. Therefore choose A.

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