"New Historical Period of Reform and Opening Up" PPT on the Construction and Reform of New China

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"New Historical Period of Reform and Opening Up" PPT on the Construction and Reform of New China

Part One: Bringing Order to Chaos

1. 1976-1978 The wandering period

1. Continue to adhere to the "left-leaning" error

We firmly support all decisions made by Chairman Mao;

We will always follow Chairman Mao's instructions without fail!

On May 10, 1978, the article "Practice is the Only Criterion for Testing Truth" was published in Guangming Daily, triggering a great discussion on the issue of truth standards.

2. The convening of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China

1. Time of convening: Held in Beijing in December 1978

2. Basic content:

1) Guidelines: Guidelines to emancipate the mind, use your brains, seek truth from facts, unite as one and look forward.

2) Shift of focus: The focus of work shifts to economic construction and the implementation of reform and opening up.

Significance: (1) The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee held in 1978 was a great turning point in the history of China and the history of the Communist Party of China

(2) Opened a new historical period of China’s reform and opening up

Two turning points since the founding of New China: the completion of the three major socialist transformations in 1956; the convening of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee

Turning points in the 90-year history of the Communist Party of China: the August 7th Conference in 1927, the Zunyi Conference in 1935, and the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee in 1978

PPT on the new historical period of reform and opening up, part 2: the advancement of reform and opening up

one. Household contract responsibility system

1. Reason

Material 1: The rural areas implement the integration of administration and society, and the people's commune system characterized by "one big body and two public houses"... It is highly administrative, business management is too centralized, and excludes market mechanisms. Farmers lack autonomy and work "big Hulong". Serious egalitarianism in distribution has dampened farmers' enthusiasm and lacks intrinsic incentive mechanisms. ——History of the People's Republic of China

Reason 1: After China’s agricultural collectivization, the highly centralized economic system suppressed the enthusiasm of farmers for production.

Reason two: Agricultural production develops slowly, and farmers’ income and living standards remain stagnant.

Household contract responsibility system

Meaning: On the basis of public ownership of land, land is contracted to each farmer's household for long-term use ("household contract", "household contract"), agricultural production basically becomes a household operation, and farmers are responsible for their own profits and losses. and allocated autonomy.

2. Process

In the winter of 1978, 18 farmers in Xiaogang Village took the risk to press their bright red fingerprints on the land contract responsibility contract and implemented the "big contract". This "press" actually became the first declaration of China's rural reform. It changed the history of China's rural development and opened the prelude to China's reform and opening up.

Process 1: Anhui (Xiaogang Village) and Sichuan (Guanghan) secretly tried to implement household responsibility for production;

Process 2: The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a document on strengthening and improving the agricultural production responsibility system, affirming rural practices;

3. Meaning:

① It mobilized farmers’ enthusiasm for production and fundamentally changed the economic situation and social outlook of rural areas.

② Promote the reform of urban economic system.

2. The formation of the opening-up pattern

(1) Phase 1: Special Economic Zone (Start)

1. Established: 1980, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, Xiamen

2. Significance: The special zone has become a “window” and “test field”

(2) Second stage: 14 coastal port cities (expansion)

1. Establishment: In 1984, 14 cities including Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Tianjin, and Yantai were opened to the public

(3) The third stage: Coastal Economic Open Zone (further expansion)

1. In 1985, four coastal economic open zones and one special economic zone were opened

Economic open zones: Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, southeastern Fujian, Bohai Rim region

Special Economic Zone: Hainan

2. In April 1990, Pudong was opened to the public

Significance: The development and opening up of Pudong has become an important symbol of China's further opening up to the outside world.

PPT on the new historical period of reform and opening up, the third part: classroom reflections

Thinking: What are the differences between today’s opening up to the outside world and modern China’s “opening up”?

The backgrounds are different: today's opening-up is carried out proactively when my country's sovereignty is independent and its national strength is enhanced; modern opening-up is passive opening up in a semi-colonial and semi-feudal social state.

The purposes are different: today's opening up is for the party and the government to develop their own economies; modern opening up is for the great powers to meet the needs of their capitalist development.

The results are different: today's opening up has enhanced my country's comprehensive national strength and improved its international status; modern opening up has plunged the Chinese nation into an abyss of suffering.

Urban economic system reform:

main content :

Single public ownership - the public ownership economy is the main body and multiple ownership economies develop together (reform of ownership structure)

(Public ownership: state-owned, collective ownership, state-owned and collective components in mixed ownership)

(Multiple ownership systems: public ownership, individual economy, private economy, foreign-invested economy)

PPT on the new historical period of reform and opening up, part 4: knowledge consolidation

1. The focus and symbol of my country’s reform and opening up in the 1990s are

A. The great development of Shenzhen and Zhuhai B. Hainan Province established

C. Development of Pudong, Shanghai D. Development of the West

2. In 1980, the Party Central Committee and the State Council decided to set up special economic zones in four cities. One of them was a treaty port that was forced to open under the Sino-British Treaty of Nanjing in 1842. This city is

A. Guangzhou B. Xiamen C. Fuzhou D. Shenzhen

Difficulties and doubts resolved

1. The exact meaning of the household responsibility system is ( )

A. Farmers own their own land and farm tools and operate independently

B． On the premise of insisting on collective ownership of land, farmers can decentralize and operate independently.

C. Combining farmers’ individual operations with rural joint operations

D. Establish a strict responsibility system in township enterprises

2. Which of the following statements about the rural household contract responsibility system is incorrect ( )

All agricultural products are handled by farmers themselves

B changed the egalitarianism in previous distribution

C is based on public ownership of land

D fundamentally changed the rural situation and social outlook

Self-test:

1. The core of the ideological line re-established at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is ( )

A. Democratic centralism B. Emancipating the mind C. Seeking truth from facts D. Reform and opening up

2. In 1985, Deng Xiaoping said: "Reform is China's second revolution." Its essential meaning is ( )

A. Liberate and develop productive forces B. Shift the focus of work to economic construction

C. Change old and backward ideas and concepts D. Change the management system that is not suitable for economic development

3. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the household responsibility system was widely implemented across the country. The root cause is ( )

A. The party made the decision to reform and open up

B. Satisfy the requirements of farmers for land

C. In line with the actual development level of China’s rural productivity

D. Adapted to the reality that China has more people and less land.

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