"New Changes in Capitalist Countries" New Changes in the World in the Second Half of the 20th Century PPT

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"New Changes in Capitalist Countries" New Changes in the World in the Second Half of the 20th Century PPT

Part One: Independent preview and exploration of new knowledge

Knowledge point 1: National macro-control

1. Increased state intervention

(1) Reason

①The great economic crisis that broke out in 1929 fully exposed the shortcomings of _____ capitalism.

②The life-and-death lessons of World War II, and the impact and influence of _____ on capitalism.

(2) Measures

①Increase _____ spending on public utilities, increase employment opportunities, and stimulate consumer demand.

② Formulate economic development _____ to promote coordinated economic development.

③Use economic levers such as credit, interest rates, taxes, etc. to implement _____; etc.

(3) Effect: These measures have achieved certain results, and the economic growth has been _____.

(4)Adjustment

①Reason: In the 1970s, major capitalist countries experienced varying degrees of "_____" phenomena, manifested by stagnant economic growth and serious inflation.

②Measures: Appropriate _____ government intervention in the economy.

2. Maintenance of the post-war international economic order

(1) Capitalist countries strengthen international coordination in the fields of finance, investment and trade by establishing international economic organizations such as __________, the World Bank, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.

(2) Through the relatively equal _____ of major powers, market intervention actions are taken to coordinate interests and maintain economic order.

[Deepening and Expanding] International Monetary Fund and World Bank

(1) The loans provided by the International Monetary Fund are mainly used to stabilize international exchange and ensure the stability of the exchange rates of various countries; while the loans provided by the World Bank are mainly used to promote the recovery and development of the world economy.

(2) The International Monetary Fund provides short-term loans and is a regulatory agency; while the World Bank provides long-term loans and is a development agency.

New Changes in Capitalist Countries PPT, Part 2: Collaboration to explore and overcome difficult problems

National macro-control measures

Historical Data 1: After World War II, the U.S. government invested a large amount of money in some emerging industrial sectors, major scientific research projects, modern public facilities, etc. For example, the U.S. investment in the development of the atomic energy industry totaled US$17.5 billion from 1945 to 1970. The United States also uses state power to expand foreign markets. Since the mid-1950s, in order to strengthen its competitiveness in the international market, the government has subsidized some export products.

Historical data 2: After World War II, in order to stabilize politics and economy, the British Attlee Labor Government implemented eight nationalization bills, nationalizing the Bank of England, the coal industry, the domestic transportation industry, the electric power industry, and the steel industry. By 1951, state-owned chemical and mining enterprises accounted for about 20% of the country's total, and about 2 million people were employed in them. After the implementation of the reform of nationalizing enterprises, general production has developed.

——The above historical materials are all excerpted from "Contemporary World History"

The state increases the role of macro-control

(1) Positive effects: First, it breaks through the limitations of private monopoly capitalism and makes the process of production and technological transformation more social, thereby accommodating the development of productive forces to a greater extent; secondly, it overcomes the limitations of private monopoly capitalism to a certain extent. The contradiction between monopoly capitalism and the huge investment in modernization alleviates the contradiction between production and consumption to a certain extent, adjusts the supply and demand relationship in the capitalist market, and promotes the development of productivity.

(2) Limitations: It is impossible to fundamentally eliminate the basic contradictions of capitalism.

social welfare policy

Historical data 1: The impact of British taxes and benefits on family income (1983-1984) (unit: pound).

Historical data 2: (British) Expenditures on social welfare programs account for 50% of total public expenditures. ...(Sweden) mainly relies on debt and deficit budget to maintain various expenditures on social welfare. …While the social welfare expenditures of various countries are still increasing, the economic growth rates of various countries have dropped significantly. ...In the Federal Republic of Germany, from 1970 to the mid-1980s, the number of people receiving daily living assistance doubled. ...More than 70% of Americans oppose the government spending more money on welfare benefits. ——Chen Yin'e "Welfare System in Modern Society"

[Thinking]

(1) Based on historical data 1, analyze the positive role of British welfare policy.

(2) Based on historical data 2, summarize the reasons why Western countries adjust welfare policies and point out the role of the government in the social welfare system.

[Interpretation]

(1) The first table of historical data shows the impact of British taxes and welfare on household income from 1983 to 1984. You should pay attention to the overall understanding of the information in the table based on the data in the table.

(2) Historical data two is summarized one by one according to the five periods, paying attention to the changes in "expenditure", "speed" and "relief", and understanding the role of the government in the social welfare system.

Causes and effects of the formation of Western welfare states

(1) Reason: The economic crisis in the capitalist world in the late 1920s and early 1930s exposed the shortcomings of capitalism. The social crisis caused by the uneven distribution of wealth threatened the capitalist system itself.

(2)Influence

①The "welfare state" system is essentially a form of national income redistribution.

It has brought many benefits to members of society in various countries. It promotes social equality, narrows the gap between rich and poor, eliminates many social problems caused by poverty, and demonstrates the value of Western democracy and universal social care.

②The "welfare state" system also has some drawbacks. It cultivates social inertia, reduces the efficiency of social development, and becomes a heavy financial burden for the country, thereby causing economic stagnation and inflation.

New Changes in Capitalist Countries PPT, Part 3: Complying with Standards and Solidifying Basics in the Hall

1. Walter LaFeber wrote in "The American Century": "The government keeps his hand on the steering wheel of the American economic car and, when necessary, his foot on its brake or accelerator." This embodies contemporary capitalism. The new characteristic of development is ()

A． Implement a "laissez-faire" policy B. Strengthen state intervention in the economy

C． Establish a "welfare state" system D. Expand government administrative power

2. Compared with modern times, the differences between the capitalist world economic system after World War II are ()

A． Developed countries are in a dominant position

B． Achieved free trade without barriers

C． Establish an institutional coordination mechanism

D． There is a huge gap between Europe and the United States and other regions

3． The documentary "Brilliant China - Vitality of Innovation" said: In China, two out of every three mobile phone users are using mobile payments. This is the largest mobile payment market in the world. This reflects that China has fully applied the results of the third scientific and technological revolution ()

A． Computer network technology B. telecommunications technology

C． Bioengineering technology D. Internal combustion engine technology

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Update Time: 2024-09-08

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