"Natural Features and Agriculture" Northern Region PPT Courseware 4

"Natural Features and Agriculture" Northern Region PPT Courseware 4

1. Black soil and yellow soil

"Black land" refers to the Northeast Plains

"Loess Land" refers to the Loess Plateau and the North China Plain

(1) Location and scope

1. Nature: East of the Greater Khingan Range, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, south of the Inner Mongolia Plateau, Qinling Mountains - north of the Huaihe River, and bounded by the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea to the east. Three geographical units

2. Administrative Region: The northern region includes Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, the southeastern part of Long and Ningxia, the northern part of Jiangsu and Anhui, and the northeastern part of Inner Mongolia. (Note the provincial administrative regions that the boundary line passes through)

The three northeastern provinces, all or part of the provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the southeastern parts of Gansu and Ningxia, and the northern parts of Jiangsu and Anhui provinces.

3. Latitude and longitude: 34°N-53°N, 100°E-135°E

4. Area: The area accounts for 20% of the country.

(2) Characteristics of natural areas in the northern region:

1. Terrain features

The northern region is dominated by plains and plateaus. Including the Northeast Plain, North China Plain, Loess Plateau, Shandong Hills, Liaodong Hills, Changbai Mountains, Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains and Taihang Mountains.

Plains are mainly distributed in the eastern region, with open and flat terrain and low altitude. There are swamps in the north and low wetlands and saline-alkali lands in the south. The Loess Plateau is crisscrossed with ravines and has serious soil and water loss.

(1) Topographic characteristics of Northeast China:

Surrounded by mountains and rivers, thousands of miles of fertile fields

① Mountainous area: Surrounded by the Greater Khingan Range, Lesser Khingan Range, and Changbai Mountain on the west, north, and east sides respectively

②The Northeast Plain (composed of Songnen Plain, Liaohe Plain, and Sanjiang Plain) is fertile and wild.

(2) Topographic characteristics of North China

North China Plain---Yellow-Huaihai Plain

Ⅰ Scope: Five provinces and two cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, and Jiangsu. It has been known as the "Central Plains" since ancient times.

Ⅱ Formation: It is formed by the combined alluvial force of the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Haihe River, with the Yellow River being the main force.

III Characteristics: A is complete, with low and flat terrain (the altitude is mostly below 50 meters, and the coastal plain is only about 4 meters above sea level); B there are many gently undulating hills on the plain, and there are shallow closed depressions between the hills.

2. Climate characteristics

(1) Temperate monsoon climate

The climate is dominated by temperate monsoon climate, with warm, hot and rainy summers, cold and dry winters, spring droughts and frequent sandstorms in winter and spring. The climate has obvious north-south and east-west differences.

The annual precipitation ranges from 400 to 800mm (except for Changbai Mountain). The precipitation decreases from east to west, and the precipitation is concentrated from July to August.

There is not much difference in temperature in summer. Except for the northern end of the Greater Khingan Mountains, which is below 16°C, most areas are above 20°C. In winter, the temperature is below 0°C, but there is a big difference between the north and the south. In North China, the temperature is mostly between 0°C and -10°C. The temperature in the Northeast is below -10℃.

(2) Northeast climate and its impact

① Temperature zone: Mainly the mid-temperate zone, the average temperature in January is below -8℃, the annual precipitation in the southeastern mountains is more than 800 mm, and the rest is 400-800 mm. The mountains are humid areas and the rest are semi-humid areas.

② Dry and wet areas: northern and eastern parts--humid, central part--semi-humid, western part---semi-arid

The main constraint on the development of agriculture: insufficient calories

Disadvantageous conditions: short growing season, insufficient heat; greatly affected by cold waves; the west is greatly threatened by wind and sand.

3. River characteristics

(1) Hydrological characteristics: The seasonal changes in river runoff are obvious, with summer being the wet season and winter being the dry season; the water volume and sediment content vary greatly between the north and the south, and both have icing periods, and are longer in the north and shorter in the south. The shipping value of rivers is quite different between Northeast China and North China.

Rivers prone to flooding

(2) Reason analysis: A. Precipitation is concentrated in the north, and there are many heavy rains; B. The terrain in the lower reaches of rivers in the north is low and flat; C. The lower reaches of many rivers are seriously silted, and the river water cannot flow into the sea smoothly, forming above-ground rivers. D. Rivers such as the Haihe River have many tributaries and insufficient channels into the sea. During the flood season, floods are concentrated and the main stream flows sluggishly.

(3) Governance measures

Yellow River: Build a reservoir in the upper reaches; control soil erosion in the middle reaches; strengthen embankments in the lower reaches.

Haihe River and Huaihe River: build reservoirs on the tributaries; build flood storage projects in the midstream depressions; dig into the Haixin River downstream to disperse the water flow, etc. As shown in the picture

(4)Main rivers:

The main rivers in North China include: the Yellow River (tributaries Weihe River and Fenhe River); the Haihe River and its fan-shaped tributaries (Northern Canal, Yongding River, Daqing River, Ziya River, and South Canal); and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.

The main rivers in Northeast China are: Heilongjiang, Songhua River, Ussuri River, Liaohe River, and Yalu River

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