"Natural Disasters" China's Natural Environment PPT Courseware 3

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"Natural Disasters" China's Natural Environment PPT Courseware 3

How to identify natural disasters

Two conditions must be met for the formation of natural disasters:

First, there must be abnormal changes in the natural environment as an inducement

Second, the damaged people, property, and resources must be the objects to bear the disaster.

Therefore, two points need to be grasped when judging whether a certain phenomenon is a natural disaster:

First, whether the cause is a natural factor

The second is whether it has caused harm to humans.

common natural disasters

Meteorological disaster

Meteorological disasters mainly include drought, floods, typhoons, cold waves and other disasters

Geological disaster

Geological disasters mainly include earthquakes, landslides, mudslides and other disasters. Geological disasters occur more frequently in mountainous areas

Understand the distribution and causes of major natural disasters in my country

Read Figure 2.48 and Figure 2.49 and write down the main distribution areas of floods, landslides, and debris flow disasters in my country.

Typhoon disaster: mainly distributed in the southeastern coastal areas

Drought disaster: mainly distributed in North China

Flood disasters: mainly distributed in _____________.

Landslide and debris flow disasters: mainly distributed in _____________.

Southwest my country is located at the junction of the Eurasian plate and the Indian Ocean plate. The crustal movement is relatively active, so there are many earthquakes.

Central my country is composed of plateaus and mountainous areas such as the Loess Plateau, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and Hengduan Mountains, with steep slopes. Precipitation in my country is concentrated in summer and there are many heavy rains. Under the erosion of rain, landslides and debris flows are prone to occur in areas lacking vegetation protection.

The rainy season in southern my country starts early and ends late, and the rainy season is long, resulting in heavy rainfall in the south, so floods are common in the south.

Typhoons and floods often trigger geological disasters such as mudslides, landslides, and collapses.

In mountainous valleys, earthquakes can cause geological disasters such as mudslides, landslides, and collapses.

Signs before an earthquake occurs

Disaster prevention

(1) Using technologies such as remote sensing satellites, disasters such as typhoons and cold waves can be predicted more accurately.

(2) Build a large number of disaster prevention projects.

Disaster relief

(1) Establish a large number of disaster relief material reserve centers to ensure timely supply of relief materials when natural disasters occur.

(2) When natural disasters occur, disaster relief personnel can be mobilized in a timely manner to effectively reduce disaster losses.

secondary disaster

Landslides and collapses: These secondary disasters of earthquakes mainly occur in mountainous areas and plateau areas. Due to the strong vibrations of earthquakes, cliffs or plateau slopes that are already in an unstable state collapse or landslide. Although such secondary disasters are localized, they are often devastating, burying entire villages and households in ruins.

Plague: During the Huaxian earthquake in 1556, plague or epidemic diseases claimed the lives of hundreds of thousands of victims who were not crushed to death by the earthquake. It can be seen that secondary disasters such as plague are also extremely terrifying. The plague was entirely caused by the decay of human, livestock and poultry corpses crushed by the earthquake and the spread of bacteria. After a strong earthquake, the corpses of humans, animals and poultry must be quickly removed and deeply buried, and effective disinfection and sterilization measures must be taken to prevent the breeding and spread of the plague.

In addition, ground fissures, mudslides, sand blasting, ground subsidence, spills and leaks of toxic liquids and gases, ground deformation, etc. are also secondary disasters of earthquakes. They may cause casualties, damage buildings, and disrupt transportation. , destroying farmland and farmland, etc.

Health and epidemic prevention

1. Recognize the importance of good hygiene and epidemic prevention. After the earthquake, a large number of houses collapsed and sewers were clogged, resulting in garbage everywhere and sewage overflowing. In addition, livestock and poultry carcasses rotted and became smelly, which could easily cause some infectious diseases and spread rapidly. There is a saying in history that "when a major disaster occurs, there will be a major epidemic." Therefore, in the earthquake relief work, it is very important to conscientiously implement health and epidemic prevention.

2. Keep a close eye on “disease entering through the mouth”. In winter and spring, infectious diseases such as hepatitis and typhoid fever are easy to occur and become popular. The most important measures to prevent intestinal infectious diseases are to improve water source hygiene, food hygiene, and manage garbage and feces well.

3. When drinking water, it is best to purify and disinfect it first; create conditions to drink boiled water.

4. Improve food hygiene, store and work on disaster relief food; disaster relief food and excavated food should be inspected before consumption, and disinfect tableware.

5. Start with yourself, build and use simple toilets after the earthquake, pile garbage in fixed places, clean up the garbage on time, and try to handle it as uniformly as possible.

6. Maintain good hygiene habits. Every citizen in the earthquake-stricken area should strive to maintain an optimistic mood, pay attention to physical health, and strengthen physical exercise during the earthquake relief period. You should add or remove clothes at any time according to climate changes, pay attention to keeping warm and cold, and prevent respiratory infectious diseases such as colds, tracheitis, and influenza. The elderly and children should pay special attention to preventing pneumonia. In winter, you should keep your head, hands, and feet warm to prevent frostbite.

How to spot earthquake rumors

1. As long as it is not an earthquake forecast officially issued by the government, do not believe it. The State Council stipulates that only people's governments at or above the county level have the right to publicly release short-term earthquake forecasts and imminent earthquake forecasts to the public. No other department, unit or individual has the right to release earthquake forecasts to the public.

2. Anyone who says "XX unit has notified of an earthquake" is not credible. If an earthquake forecast is issued, the government will take all measures to quickly notify all people in the earthquake area.

3. Anyone who "predicts" the earthquake time to within a day, or even "accurately" to a few hours, is definitely a rumor. Because the current level of earthquake prediction around the world cannot achieve such accuracy.

4. Anyone who "forecasts" the location of the earthquake in a very specific manner (specific to xx Township or xx Street District) is definitely a rumor. Because the current level of earthquake prediction around the world cannot achieve such accuracy.

5. Any earthquake rumors with a "foreign label" (that is, saying that foreign experts have predicted it) are definitely rumors. Because it is impossible and not allowed to carry out "transnational prediction" of earthquakes, no foreign experts have ever predicted earthquakes in China.

6. All superstitious earthquake rumors are just rumors.

Home shock-proof and shock-absorbing solutions

(1) Clarify evacuation routes and refuge locations, and determine the fastest and safest path;

(2) Reinforce and rationally arrange indoor furniture, such as placing large pieces of furniture in weak areas of the wall; do not place debris under the table or bed;

(3) Know the outdoor environmental conditions;

(4) Prepare evacuation and rescue items, and each member should prepare a shock-proof bag;

(5) Prepare some simple rescue tools, such as crowbars, hammers, axes, small hacksaws, etc., and place them where they can be easily accessed after the earthquake;

(6) Learn basic medical rescue skills, such as artificial respiration, hemostasis, bandaging, transporting the wounded and nursing methods;

(7) Each person should carry a small first aid card with their name, address, phone number, blood type, emergency contact name, etc., so that others can refer to it when rescuing;

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Update Time: 2024-09-28

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