"National Harmony and Foreign Exchanges" "Pluralism and Integration" Pattern and High-level Development of Civilization PPT

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"National Harmony and Foreign Exchanges" "Pluralism and Integration" Pattern and High-level Development of Civilization PPT

Part One: Ethnic Relations

1. Read the map and point out the scope of the Tang Dynasty’s territory.

It reaches the sea in the east, Congling in the west, the Mongolian Plateau in the north, and the South China Sea in the south.

2. Comparing the territory map of the Sui Dynasty in Figure 4-17 on P86, in which directions did the territory of the Tang Dynasty expand significantly?

Compared with the Sui Dynasty, the territory of the Tang Dynasty mainly expanded in the northeast, north, northwest, and southwest directions.

3. What are the common characteristics of these expanded areas? And talk about what ethnic minority regimes were around the Tang Dynasty at that time?

Most of these areas are inhabited by ethnic minorities.

Historically, many rulers in the Central Plains had many conflicts and wars with ethnic minorities in border areas. Was the relationship between the Tang Dynasty and ethnic minorities the same?

The Tang Dynasty had a vast territory, with many surrounding ethnic groups but harmonious relations, and there was an emperor who deeply won the support of all ethnic groups in the north. During the lifetime of this emperor, the leaders of various ethnic groups respected him as the leader of each ethnic group - "Khan of Heaven".

Who is this emperor?

Why can he gain the respect of all ethnic groups?

Ethnic Harmony and Foreign Exchange PPT, Part 2: Ethnic Relations in the Tang Dynasty

1 Overview:

① Overall characteristics: relatively harmonious.

② Ethnic policy: Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty adopted an enlightened ethnic policy and treated everyone equally.

People of all ethnic groups supported Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty as the "Khan of Heaven", that is, the common monarch of all ethnic groups. For a long time, "Tian Khan" became the exclusive title of the emperor of the Tang Dynasty.

2. The relationship between the Tang Dynasty and Tubo:

①Princess Wencheng enters Tibet:

a. Process: In the early 7th century, Tubo emerged in Tibet. After Songtsen Gampo unified Tubo, he sent people to Chang'an several times to propose marriage. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty married Princess Wencheng to him.

b. Impact: ① Played an important role in strengthening the friendship between Tang and Tibet and developing the economy and culture of Tubo.

② Promote economic and cultural exchanges between the Han and Tibetan ethnic groups.

②Princess Jincheng enters Tibet:

a. History: At the beginning of the 8th century, the Tang Dynasty married Princess Jincheng to Tubo. The Tubo leader said in a letter to the Tang emperor that Tubo and the Tang Dynasty had become "one family".

b. Impact: In the following more than a hundred years, envoys from both sides had frequent exchanges, and the relationship between Tang and Tibet became increasingly close.

③In the early ninth century, Tang and Tibet formed an alliance, and the alliance promised to live in harmony forever.

3. The relationship between the Tang Dynasty and other ethnic minorities:

In addition to Tubo, the central government of the Tang Dynasty also had close ties with other ethnic minorities. In the early Tang Dynasty, more than 800 prefectures, prefectures, and counties were established in border minority areas.

The significance of the Tang Dynasty's implementation of enlightened ethnic policies

① Conducive to the consolidation and development of a unified multi-ethnic country

② It is beneficial to the economic and cultural exchanges and development between Han and ethnic minorities.

③It will help strengthen the management of border areas.

Ethnic Harmony and Foreign Exchanges PPT, Part Three: Foreign Exchanges of the Tang Dynasty

The Tang Dynasty adopted an open foreign policy and actively interacted with countries around the world. Since the Tang Dynasty was the most powerful country in Asia at that time, it was also a large country with vast territory and a high level of civilization in the world. It enjoyed a high reputation in the world, so various countries called the Chinese "Tang people".

1. Xuanzang’s Journey to the West

①Reason: Xuanzang was an eminent monk during the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. When he was studying Buddhist scriptures, he felt that there were many different teachings and could not answer them, so he came up with the idea of ​​​​going to Tianzhu to seek Dharma. Tianzhu is roughly equivalent in geographical scope to today's Indian Peninsula.

②Experience: Xuanzang went through hardships to get there, traveled in Tianzhu for 17 years, visited famous Buddhist temples, and studied at Nalanda Temple, the highest institution of Buddhism, and became a famous Buddhist master.

③Return to China: In the late Zhenguan period, Xuanzang returned to Chang'an with a large number of Buddhist classics.

④The significance (achievement) of traveling westward:

a. Proficient in Sanskrit and Chinese, he translated many Buddhist scriptures, which contributed to the spread of Buddhism.

b. The Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty was written based on what I saw during my journey to the West. It records the Buddhism, history, geography, customs and customs of the Western Regions and Tianzhu. It is an important classic for studying the history and Buddhism of Central Asia, the Indian Peninsula and other places, and contributes to the cultural exchanges between China and India. contribute.

2. Send envoys to Tang Dynasty

Japan and China are countries separated by a narrow strip of water. After the Dahua reform, Japan became more active in learning from the Tang Dynasty and sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty more than ten times. These people were called "envoys to the Tang Dynasty". Also coming were foreign students and monks studying abroad. The size of the mission is large, ranging from two hundred people to five or six hundred people.

The envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty were missions sent by the Japanese government to the Tang Dynasty for exchanges.

Envoys sent to the Tang Dynasty brought back to Japan the laws and regulations, astronomy and calendar, calligraphy art, architectural art, and customs of the Tang Dynasty.

3. Jianzhen’s journey to the east:

①Time: During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty.

② Process: Invited by Japanese monks, Jianzhen led people to cross the sea to Japan five times, but failed every time. Later, Jianzhen became blind, but he remained determined and successfully made his sixth trip eastward, receiving a grand welcome from the Emperor of Japan.

③Contribution: Jianzhen stayed in Japan for ten years. In addition to spreading Buddhism, he also introduced medicine, architecture, sculpture, painting and knowledge from the prosperous Tang Dynasty there, which became a good story in the history of Sino-Japanese cultural exchanges.

Ethnic Harmony and Foreign Exchange PPT, Part 4: After-school Development

What enlightenment does the enlightened ethnic policy of the Tang Dynasty have on how we deal with ethnic relations today?

Today we should also implement an enlightened ethnic policy, ensure that all ethnic groups live in harmony, intensify the development of ethnic areas, promote the development of local economies, and achieve ethnic equality, ethnic unity and common prosperity.

Today's China is in a period of reform and opening up and high economic development. What inspiration can we get from the Tang Dynasty’s foreign exchanges?

First, we must have a stable political situation and adhere to the policy of opening up to the outside world.

Second, improve one's own quality and strive to develop economy and culture.

Third, learn from the broad mind of the Tang Dynasty that embraced all rivers. While spreading advanced culture, we must be good at absorbing its essence and using it for our own benefit.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Pluralism and Integration and the High Development of Civilization, National Harmony and Foreign Exchanges", please click on the PPT tag of "Pluralism and Integration and the High Development of Civilization, National Harmony and Foreign Exchanges" PPT courseware.

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Update Time: 2024-09-08

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