《Music》SectionⅢ PPT

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《Music》SectionⅢ PPT

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past participle as predicate and adverbial

1. (Textbook P52)___________ (bear) in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988．

2. (Textbook P52) ___________ (move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”

3． (Textbook P56)I was very afraid and I felt so alone and ___________ (discourage).

4. (Textbook P58)___________ (encourage) by this first performance and the positive reaction of the audience, I have continued to play the piano and enjoy it more every day．

past participle as predicate

1. The past participle can be placed after the linking verbs be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become, etc. as a predicate to express the state of the subject.

◆Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor．

Tom was surprised to see a snake crawling across the floor.

◆Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys．

Eventually the baby got tired of playing with those toys.

2. The difference between the past participle as a predicative and the passive voice

When the past participle is used as a predicate, it emphasizes the state of the subject; while the passive voice of the verb indicates that the subject is the recipient of the action and emphasizes the action.

◆The library is now closed． (state)

The library is now closed.

◆The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday． (action)

My sister broke the cup yesterday.

3． The difference between the present participle and the past participle of sensory transitive verbs as predicates

When used as predicatives, past participles mostly express people's own feelings or the state of things themselves, and are often translated as "feeling..."; present participles mostly express the characteristics of things, and are often translated as "making people...".

◆We were amazed at what he said at the meeting．

We were surprised by what he said at the meeting.

◆His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged．

His words were discouraging and left many people discouraged.

past participle as adverbial

Types of past participles as adverbials

The past participle is used as an adverbial and can express time, reason, condition, concession, manner/accompaniment and result, which is equivalent to an adverbial clause. Its logical subject is the subject of the main clause, and forms a logical passive relationship with the subject of the main clause.

1. past participle as time adverbial

When the past participle is used as a time adverbial, it is equivalent to a time adverbial clause. You can add conjunctions such as "when, while, until" before the past participle to make its time meaning clearer.

◆Looking at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful．

→When it is looked at from a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful．

The painting seems even more beautiful when viewed from a distance.

◆Asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding．

→When he was asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding．

When asked what he thought of teaching, Philip said he found it interesting and rewarding.

2. past participle as adverbial of cause

When the past participle is used as an adverbial of cause, it can be converted into an adverbial clause of cause guided by since, because or as. Such adverbials are usually placed in the first half of the sentence.

◆Worried about the exam, I was unsettled in these days．

→Because I was worried about the exam, I was unsettled in these days．

I feel uneasy these days because I am worried about the exam.

3． past participle as conditional adverbial

When the past participle is used as a conditional adverbial, it can be converted into a guided conditional adverbial clause such as if, once or unless.

◆Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast．

→If they are grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast．

These seeds can grow quickly if planted in fertile soil.

◆Given a few minutes, I’ll finish the report．

→If I am given a few minutes, I’ll finish the report．

Give me a few more minutes and I will complete this report.

4. past participle as adverbial of concession

When the past participle is used as an adverbial of concession, it is equivalent to an adverbial clause of concession guided by though/although.

◆Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties．

→Though he was encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties．

Despite his parents' encouragement, he still lacked the confidence to overcome difficulties.

◆Invited by him, I won’t take part in the party．

→Though I was invited by him, I won’t take part in the party．

Even if he invites me, I won't go to the party.

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Update Time: 2024-11-24

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