"Micro Project Demonstrates the Rationality of "Car Restrictions" in Heavy Pollution Weather" PPT courseware on the nature and transformation of substances

"Micro Project Demonstrates the Rationality of "Car Restrictions" in Heavy Pollution Weather" PPT courseware on the nature and transformation of substances

Part 1: Essential knowledge and foundation of literacy

1. Social science issues

1.Meaning

Social science issues refer to a series of social issues closely related to social ethics, economic development, and _________ caused by the use of contemporary science and technology research and development.

2. Analytical framework of social science issues

2. The perspective of analyzing the pros and cons of social science issues

3. Level of scientific argumentation

【Situation·Thinking】

In winter, various places will adopt measures to restrict the use of odd and even numbers of cars according to the haze weather conditions.

The reason for the traffic restrictions is related to car exhaust. What are the harmful gases in car exhaust? What are the dangers?

Tip: Car exhaust contains nitrogen compounds: NO, NO2, NH3, which can cause direct harm to the human body. NO and NO2 can also cause acid rain, photochemical smog, etc.

Micro project to demonstrate the rationality of vehicle restrictions in heavy pollution weather PPT, the second part of the content: key capabilities and literacy formation

Project activities: Scientifically understand social science issues and find the pros and cons

[Summary of research]

1. Scientifically analyze the issue and clarify the scientific issues and scientific knowledge in the issue

(1) Scientific issues on the issue of “car restrictions”.

Car exhaust contains nitrogen compounds: NO, NO2, NH3; smog contains:

Nitrate ( ), ammonium salt ( );

(2) The transformation relationship between nitrogen and its compounds.

①Valence perspective: If N2 is converted into NO and the valence of nitrogen increases, an oxidant with lower valence should be added.

②Substance category perspective: If the elemental substance is converted into an oxide, according to the conservation of elements, substances containing oxygen elements should be added.

2. The advantages and disadvantages of the "car restriction" measure

【Migration application】

1. The figure shows the process of automobile exhaust purifier processing automobile exhaust. The relevant statement is incorrect ()

A. The oxygen required to oxidize CO to CO2 comes from NOx

B. After installing this purifier in the car, lead pollution can be avoided

C. The mass of the Pt-Rh catalyst remains unchanged before and after the chemical reaction

D. Using this purifier can reduce the occurrence of acid rain

[Analysis] Choose B. It can be seen from the information in the question: The oxygen required for the oxidation of CO to CO2 comes from nitrogen oxides. After a car is installed with this purifier, it can avoid air pollution caused by carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, not lead pollution;

The quality and chemical properties of the Pt-Rh catalyst remain unchanged before and after the chemical reaction; nitrogen oxides can also cause acid rain, so using this purifier can reduce the occurrence of acid rain.

2. Today, cars have become an indispensable means of transportation for mankind. However, with the increase in the number of cars, the pollution caused by car exhaust has become one of the main hazards causing photochemical smog. Currently, car driving restrictions are implemented in all provinces and cities across the country. Motor vehicle exhaust purifiers can effectively alleviate this type of pollution. One of its features is that carbon monoxide and nitric oxide react under the conditions of a catalyst to generate carbon dioxide and nitrogen.

(1)Write the text expression __ for the reaction that occurs in the exhaust gas purifier.

(2) The following are ____________ (fill in the serial number) that are not atmospheric pollutants.

①CO　②CO2　③SO2　④O2　⑤Inhalable particulate matter

[Summary of research]

Contact with legal sulfuric acid

1.Principle

(1) Burn sulfur or calcine pyrite to produce sulfur dioxide;

(2) Oxidize sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide;

(3) Sulfur trioxide reacts with water to form sulfuric acid.

2. Equipment

【Migration application】

1. Chemical plant site selection is a complex issue, restricted by many factors such as raw materials, water sources, energy, land supply, market demand, transportation, and environmental protection. The sulfuric acid plant should be built in ()

① Close to the origin of raw materials and far away from the consumption center ② Close to the consumption center and slightly away from the origin of raw materials ③ Convenient transportation and densely populated residential areas

④Built in areas with high environmental protection requirements to facilitate the management of "three wastes"

A.①②③④B.①③④

C.①②④ D.②

[Analysis] Choose D. Since sulfuric acid is a corrosive liquid and the transportation price is relatively high, this determines that it is more advantageous for a sulfuric acid plant to be close to the consumption center than to be close to the raw material production area. Therefore, ① is wrong and ② is correct. Sulfuric acid plants cause serious pollution to the environment, so they should not be built in densely populated residential areas or areas with high environmental protection requirements, so ③ and ④ are wrong.

2. Which statement about the comprehensive economic benefits of the sulfuric acid industry is correct ()

A. Land A has rich pyrite resources, sufficient water and energy sources, and convenient transportation. It is a tourist attraction with beautiful scenery. Although there are not many local industries that use sulfuric acid, it is suitable to build a sulfuric acid plant to improve local economic benefits.

B. In order to reduce SO2 pollution to the air, high chimneys can be built so that the tail gas containing SO2 diffuses and dilutes at high altitudes and reaches a safe concentration when it reaches the ground.

C. The pollutants discharged from the sulfuric acid production process are mainly tail gas containing SO2, solid slag, waste acid and waste water, etc.

D. When choosing a site for a sulfuric acid plant, when economic interests conflict with environmental issues, in order to improve people's material living standards, economic interests should be considered first

Micro project to demonstrate the rationality of vehicle restrictions in heavy pollution weather PPT, the third part of the content: topic exploration·quality improvement

Project task: Use the knowledge of sulfur and its compounds, nitrogen and its compounds as a carrier to solve the problem of acid rain prevention and control

【Situation Creation】

Liuzhou’s Butterfly Change: From “Acid Rain City” to “Livable Flower City”

In the 1980s and 1990s, Liuzhou, Guangxi, was home to traditional heavy industries and its extensive development model caused serious air pollution. The annual frequency of acid rain was as high as 98%, and it was listed as one of the four "acid rain cities" in the country. As the largest industrial base in Guangxi and an important industrial town in southwest China, Liuzhou has been striving to find a balance between industrial development and environmental protection for many years, and has now become a model city that implements the concept of green development. In the past 20 years, Liuzhou City has transformed from the "acid rain city" into a "livable flower city" through acid rain control, ecological construction and new industrialization exploration.

[Interpretation of literacy]

1. Core competencies

(1) Awareness of scientific inquiry and innovation: Ability to discover and raise questions of inquiry value, and to design inquiry plans based on the research purpose based on questions and hypotheses.

(2) Scientific attitude and social responsibility: Awareness of exploring the unknown and advocating truth; awareness of sustainable development of saving resources and protecting the environment.

2. Literacy goals

Through the exploration and study of the topic, we will master the relevant knowledge of sulfur, nitrogen and their compounds, initially develop an awareness of green applications, and enhance our sense of social responsibility.

【Literacy Research】

[Study 1] Analysis of acid rain components

1. A classmate looked up the information and learned that acid rain refers to rain, snow or other forms of precipitation with a pH less than 5.6. During the formation and falling process of rain, snow, etc., they absorb and dissolve sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and other substances in the air, forming acidic precipitation with a pH lower than 5.6. Most of the acid rain in China is sulfuric acid type acid rain, and less is nitric acid type acid rain. Exhaust gases emitted by various motor vehicles are an important cause of acid rain.

(1) Acid rain refers to rain, snow or other forms of precipitation with a pH less than 5.6. 5.6 is used as the standard because the pH of normal rainwater is about 5.6. Please analyze the reason.

Tip: The air contains CO2, and CO2 reacts with rainwater to form carbonic acid, so the pH of rainwater is about 5.6.

(2) How is "nitric acid type acid rain" formed?

Tip: Nitrogen oxides NO2 and NO react with rainwater to generate nitric acid, which makes rainwater

The pH is less than 5.6, and the reaction that occurs is 2NO+O2====2NO2,

3NO2+H2O====2HNO3+NO.

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"Micro Project Demonstrates the Rationality of "Car Restrictions" in Heavy Pollution Weather" Nature and Transformation of Substances PPT:

"Micro Project Demonstrates the Rationality of Car Restrictions in Heavy Pollution Weather" PPT on the Nature and Transformation of Matter Part One: Literacy Objectives 1. Be able to comprehensively use the properties of nitrogen and its compounds and their transformation relationships to explore relevant social scientific issues. 2. In seeking evidence to support...