"Methods and Procedures for Studying the Properties of Matter" Understanding Chemical Science PPT (Basic Procedures for Studying the Properties of Matter in Lesson 2)

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"Methods and Procedures for Studying the Properties of Matter" Understanding Chemical Science PPT (Basic Procedures for Studying the Properties of Matter in Lesson 2)

Part One Content: Focus on the Development of Core Competencies

1. Based on the procedures for studying the properties of substances, explore the properties of chlorine and its compounds; develop safety awareness and a rigorous and realistic scientific attitude.

2. Design simple experimental plans based on chemical problems and complete experiments, and solve practical problems based on phenomenon analysis.

academic requirements

1. Be able to make predictions and hypotheses based on chemical problems, predict certain properties of substances, and use experiments to verify them.

2. Be able to use basic experimental operations to implement experimental plans and establish environmental awareness.

3. Be able to list chlorine and its important compounds and understand its main properties and the applications of these substances in production and life.

Methods and procedures for studying the properties of matter PPT, part 2 content: independent learning

1. Basic procedures for studying the properties of matter

2. Properties of chlorine gas

(1)Physical properties

(2)Chemical properties

3. Certain chlorine-containing compounds, such as hypochlorous acid, hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, etc., all have ______________.

Methods and procedures for studying the properties of matter PPT, Part 3 content: Classroom inquiry

1. Basic procedures for studying the properties of matter

What procedures do you think should be followed to study the properties of a substance?

1. Which of the following basic procedures for studying the properties of chlorine gas is correctly arranged ()

a. Observe the color, state, and smell of chlorine gas b. Design and conduct experiments and observe experimental phenomena c. Explain phenomena and draw conclusions d. Predict the properties of chlorine gas

A. abcd B. dbac

C． adbc D． dacb

Analysis: The basic procedure for studying matter is observing the appearance of matter → predicting the properties of matter → experiment and observation → explanation and conclusion, so option C is correct.

2. A study group explored the chemical properties of magnesium and conducted the following activities:

(1) Predict the properties of magnesium: Magnesium is a metal element and may react with O2. The research method is ____________________.

(2) Take a small section of magnesium strip and use sandpaper to remove the oxide film on the surface. The magnesium strip will have a silvery white metallic luster. The research method is ____________________.

(3) Use crucible pliers to clamp the magnesium bar and ignite it on an alcohol lamp to emit a dazzling white light and produce a white solid. The research method is ____________________.

Answer: (1) Classification method (2) Observation method (3) Experimental method, observation method

Analysis: (1) "Magnesium is a metal element", indicating that the study group used the "classification method".

(2) "The magnesium strip has a silvery white metallic luster" indicates that the study group used the "observation method".

(3) "Clamp the magnesium bar with crucible pliers and light it on the alcohol lamp" indicates that the study group used the "experimental method", and "emits dazzling white light and produced a white solid" indicates that the study group used the "observation method".

2. Properties of chlorine gas

1. What methods are used to study the physical properties of Cl2?

Tips: Observation method: look at the status, color, and smell; experimental observation method, observe whether Cl2 is dissolved in water.

Methods and procedures for exploring the properties of Cl2

1. Observation method to understand the physical properties of Cl2 and predict the chemical properties of Cl2

[Experiment 1] Take a gas collecting bottle filled with chlorine gas and observe the color of the chlorine gas; open the glass piece slightly and gently fan the mouth of the bottle with your hand to let a very small amount of chlorine gas float into the nostrils and smell it.

[Experiment 2] Take a test tube filled with chlorine gas, place it upside down in the sink, let it sit for a while, and observe the phenomenon.

2. Design experiments to verify predicted properties

(1) Reaction between chlorine gas and metal

[ Experimental Procedures ;Use crucible pliers to hold the iron wire and copper wire respectively, heat them, and then insert them into a gas collecting bottle filled with chlorine gas. As shown below.

(2) Reaction of chlorine gas and non-metallic elements (H2, P)

Such as: the reaction between chlorine and H2

[Experimental Procedures] Ignite the purified hydrogen, and then slowly extend the tube into the gas collecting bottle filled with chlorine.

[Experimental Phenomenon] Hydrogen burns quietly in chlorine, emitting a pale flame and white mist at the mouth of the bottle.

[Experimental conclusion and reaction equation] Hydrogen reacts with chlorine to generate hydrogen chloride. The reaction equation is H2+Cl2====== to ignite 2HCl (this reaction is used for industrial production of hydrochloric acid).

(3) Conclusion: Chlorine can react with most metals under heating or ignition conditions. When reacting with metals with variable valence, it can oxidize the metal to the highest price. For example, when reacting with Fe, Fe will show +3 valence (not +2 valence). ), reacts with Cu to make Cu show +2 valence.

Knowledge expansion

1. Chlorine is a poisonous gas that is denser than air.

2. Pure H2 burns quietly in chlorine, and this reaction is used industrially to produce hydrochloric acid; Cl2 and H2 explode under light conditions to form HCl.

3. The difference between "smoke" and "fog": "Smoke" refers to solid "small particles", while "fog" refers to "small droplets". When H2 burns in Cl2, the "white mist" at the mouth of the gas bottle is the product HCl combines with H2O(g) in the air to form "hydrochloric acid droplets".

4. "Combustion" is a violent chemical reaction phenomenon that produces light and heat. Combustion does not necessarily involve O2 in the reaction.

3. Reaction of chlorine gas and water

Are chlorine water and liquid chlorine the same substance?

Tip: Chlorine water is an aqueous solution of chlorine gas, a mixture. Liquid chlorine is liquefied chlorine gas, which is a pure substance.

Knowledge expansion

1. HClO is a monobasic weak acid (weaker than carbonic acid), which is unstable and easily decomposes into HCl and O2 when exposed to light; HClO has bleaching and bactericidal properties, and its bleaching property is permanent.

2. Cl2 can react with bases, such as:

(1)Cl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O, this reaction can be used for industrial production of "84 disinfectant" and laboratory absorption of Cl2 in exhaust gas;

(2)2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2===CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O. This reaction can be used to make bleaching powder industrially. The main component of bleaching powder is a mixture of CaCl2 and Ca(ClO)2, and the active ingredient is Ca(ClO)2.

3. The components of newly produced chlorine water are: H2O, Cl2, HCl, HClO; because HClO is unstable, the components of long-term chlorine water are H2O and HCl.

4. Cl2, NaClO, and Ca(ClO)2 themselves have no bleaching properties. They only have bleaching properties when HClO is generated under certain conditions.

5. ClO2 has stronger bleaching and disinfection capabilities than Cl2 and is safer to use.

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