"Meteorological Disasters" Natural Disasters PPT

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"Meteorological Disasters" Natural Disasters PPT

Part One Content: Learning Objectives:

1. Understand the main types and characteristics of meteorological disasters and hydrological disasters. (emphasis)

2. Understand the occurrence mechanisms and defensive measures of floods, droughts, typhoons, and cold wave disasters. (important and difficult points)

Meteorological disaster PPT, part 2: independent preview to explore new knowledge

1. Flood disasters

1. form

2. Distribution influencing factors

(1) Climatic factors: Mainly distributed in _____ monsoon zone, subtropical humid climate zone, __________ climate zone, temperate _____ climate zone.

(2) Topographic factors: _____, _____ low-lying areas are often threatened by floods.

3. Main hazards

(1) Submerge farmland, settlements, etc., destroy _____, cause casualties, crop yield reduction, traffic obstruction, water difficulties, etc.

(2) It causes ecological problems such as river sedimentation and _____, destroys the human living environment and restricts regional economic development.

(3) Threaten human health.

4. Hazard characteristics: The more _____ the population and the _____ level of economic development, the greater the losses caused by floods.

5. Distribution in my country: It is mainly distributed in the _____ of major rivers in the eastern monsoon region, and the vast mountainous areas are also often affected by floods.

2. Drought disaster

1. form

2. harm

crop yield reduction

Affect animal husbandry, aggravate___________ and desertification

Causes shortage of _____, making drinking water difficult for humans and animals, affecting economic development and social stability

Causing disasters such as _____, fires, and insect infestations

3. Main distribution

(1) World distribution: _____, Asia and the inland areas of _____.

(2) Distribution in my country:

Eastern monsoon zone

Drought-prone areas: North China, _____, Southwest and Jianghuai

The most frequently affected area: _____ area

Meteorological Disasters PPT, Part 3: Collaboration to explore and overcome difficult problems

Floods

Legend has it that during the reign of Emperor Yao, floods often occurred in the Yellow River Basin. In order to stop flooding and protect agricultural production, Emperor Yao convened a meeting of tribal leaders to recruit experts in flood control to quell flood damage. Gun was recommended for the job. After Gun accepted the task, he used embankments to block the water and built the city of Sanren. He used simple embankments to surround the residential area to block the flood. He failed for nine years and was eventually exiled to Yushan and died. After Emperor Shun succeeded to the throne, he appointed Gun's son Yu to control the floods. Yu summarized his father's experience in water control and changed Gun's "containment and obstruction" method to "drainage and stagnation", which was to use the natural tendency of water to flow from high to low and follow the terrain to clear the blocked river flow. The floodwaters are introduced into dredged rivers, depressions or lakes, and then connected to the sea, thereby calming the floods. Later, Yu became the first king of the Xia Dynasty and was known as "Shen Yu" and was praised by later generations.

Question 1 (Regional Cognition) What are the main natural causes of floods in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River?

Tip: The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River have a temperate monsoon climate, with concentrated rainfall and heavy rains in summer. The terrain in the middle and lower reaches is relatively flat, and slowing down of the river flow is prone to flooding.

Question 2 (Comprehensive thinking) In the past, to control floods, Gun adopted the method of "building embankments to block water" and Yu adopted the method of "draining and guiding stagnation". I would like to ask, is the method of "dredging and guiding stagnation" necessarily more effective than the method of "building embankments to block water"?

Tip: Not necessarily. Flood management should be based on local conditions, comprehensive management, and a combination of engineering measures and non-engineering measures.

Question 3 (Comprehensive thinking) How has the Yellow River, Haihe River, and Huaihe River been comprehensively regulated since the founding of New China? Summarize the prevention and control models of large rivers.

Tip: Build a reservoir in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, control soil erosion in the middle reaches, dredge the river channels and strengthen embankments in the lower reaches; build reservoirs in the upper reaches of the major tributaries of the Hai River and Huaihe River, build flood storage projects in the depressions in the middle reaches, and dig new rivers into the sea in the lower reaches to disperse the water flow. Prevention and control model: build reservoirs in the upper reaches, regulate rivers in the middle and lower reaches, strengthen embankments, open flood diversion areas, and adjust and expand flood outlets.

Meteorological Disaster PPT, Part 4: Competing Literacy Standards and Solidifying Basics

1. Among the natural disasters in my country, the most common ones with a wide range of hazards are ()

A． Drought and earthquakes B. Typhoons and landslides

C. Floods and droughts D. Mudslides and Cold Waves

C. Due to the wide range of influence of my country's monsoon climate, affected by the monsoon climate, seasonal changes in precipitation, and large inter-annual changes, drought and flood disasters are the most common natural disasters that affect our country and have a wide range of hazards. ]

2. Cold wave is a common weather in our country, which can directly cause ()

①Perennial drought in the northwest region ②Spring floods in the northeastern region

③Wind and snow in the Huanghuai area ④Freezing rain and snow in the Jiangnan area

A. ①② B. ②③

C. ③④ D. ①④

C. A cold wave is a natural disaster in which cold air moves south quickly, causing a substantial cooling. It is mainly characterized by strong winds, frost, rain and snow, ③④ right. The perennial drought in the northwest is because water vapor is difficult to reach deep inside the continent, ① False; the spring floods in the Northeast are caused by the melting of ice and snow, ② False. ]

3. Considering both climate and agricultural production, the area with the most severe spring drought in my country is ()

A． Northeastern region B. North-west region

C． Jianghuai area D. North China

D. In spring, my country's climate becomes warmer, the temperature rises, and evaporation increases greatly; crops also begin to turn green and require large amounts of water. The sparse precipitation in spring in North China has aggravated the spring drought in North China. There is a saying that "spring rain is as expensive as oil". The spring snow in the Northeast has melted, easing the spring drought in the Northeast. The northwest region has a temperate continental climate with scant precipitation, and spring drought is not the most serious. In the Jianghuai region, surface water is abundant and agricultural irrigation is convenient. ]

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Update Time: 2024-09-09

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