"Metal Minerals and Smelting" Metal PPT Courseware 2

"Metal Minerals and Smelting" Metal PPT Courseware 2

Preview of new knowledge

1. The existence of metals and metallic minerals

1. Presence of metals: Metals come from naturally occurring minerals in the earth’s crust.

(1) Elemental form: A few metals with chemical properties of ________ exist in minerals in elemental form, such as ____, ____, ____ (platinum).

(2) Compound form: Most metals exist in minerals in the form of ________.

2. Metal content: The metal with the highest mass fraction in the earth's crust is ____, followed by ____.

3. metallic minerals

Common metal minerals: hematite (main component is _______), magnetite (main component is ______), bauxite (main component is Al2O3), malachite [The main component is ___________] ;.

2. Principle of iron-making - reduction of iron oxide by carbon monoxide

1. Reaction principle: ____________________.

2. Experimental device (Figure 6-3-1)

3. Experimental phenomenon: reddish-brown powder gradually turns into ______; clarified lime water ________; exhaust gas ________, producing _______ color flame.

3. Smelting of steel in industry

1. Smelting of pig iron

(1) Raw materials: iron ore, coke, limestone, air.

(2) Ironmaking equipment: blast furnace.

(3) Coke effect

① The reducing agent CO is produced.

(____________________)

② Provide energy to the reaction.

(4) Limestone function: convert the ______ in the iron ore into slag and remove it.

(5) Industrial iron-making products: The carbon content of pig iron is ___________, which is _____________.

2. steel smelting

(1) Raw materials: pig iron, oxygen, deoxidizer, quicklime.

(2) Principle: Use oxidant (pure oxygen) to remove excess carbon, phosphorus, sulfur and other impurities in pig iron.

(3)Characteristics: hard and tough, ____________, ________, performance superior to pig iron. Steel has a carbon content of ___________ and is an alloy of iron.

[Pointing] The main difference between pig iron and steel is _________.

Interactive exploration

Research point 1: Carbon monoxide reduces iron oxide

[Question Investigation]Why can gold be found directly from sand, but steel needs to be smelted? What should you pay attention to when using carbon monoxide to reduce iron oxide in the laboratory?

[Inductive improvement]Most metals can react with components in the air under natural conditions and exist in the form of compounds. A few very inactive metals, such as gold, silver, and platinum, exist in the form of simple substances. When using carbon monoxide to reduce iron oxide in the laboratory, attention should be paid to the following: carbon monoxide "comes early and leaves late". ① First, light the final alcohol lamp to treat the exhaust gas and prevent toxic carbon monoxide from polluting the air; ② Introduce carbon monoxide to drain the air in the glass tube; ③ Light the alcohol blowtorch; ④ Continue to pass carbon monoxide until the test tube cools to prevent the iron from being re-oxidized. and limewater backflow.

[Application Example]

Example 1: Figure A in Figure 6-3-2 is a schematic diagram of the carbon monoxide and iron oxide reaction device, and Figure B is a schematic diagram of blast furnace ironmaking.

please answer the following question.

(1) Write down the experimental phenomenon in Figure A: the red powder turns black, and the clear lime water turns turbid.

(2) The shortcoming of the device in Figure A is the lack of exhaust gas treatment device.

(3) The role of coke in the blast furnace ironmaking raw material is to provide energy and provide the reducing agent CO.

(4) Please write down the chemical equation for iron production in a blast furnace: 3CO+Fe2O3===High temperature 2Fe+3CO2.

[Method Instructions] The principle of iron-making is to use the reducing agent carbon monoxide to reduce iron from its oxides under high temperature conditions. The purpose of passing carbon monoxide gas before the reaction is to remove the air inside and prevent the carbon monoxide and air in the tube from mixing and heating and causing an explosion. At the same time, attention should be paid to the treatment of exhaust carbon monoxide to prevent air pollution. Generally, combustion is used to convert toxic carbon monoxide into non-toxic carbon dioxide.

Research point 2: Calculation of impurity-containing substances

[Scenario display]Blast furnace ironmaking

[Question Exploration]How many kilograms of hematite ore containing 70% Fe2O3 are needed to produce 56 kg of pig iron containing 3% impurities? How to calculate impurities?

[Inductive improvement]

(1) Conversion of the mass of pure substances and impure substances

①Quantity of pure substance =Quantity of impure substance×Mass fraction of pure substance

②Quantity of impure substance =Quantity of pure substance/Mass fraction of pure substance

③Purity of a substance = mass of pure substance/mass of mixture = 1 - mass fraction of impurities

(2) Calculation steps for chemical equations containing impurity substances

① Convert the mass of impurity-containing substances into the mass of pure substances.

② Substitute the pure substance mass into the chemical equation for calculation.

③Convert the calculated mass of the pure substance into the mass of the impurity-containing substance.

On-site testing

Knowledge point 1: Iron smelting

1. Which of the following statements about iron is incorrect ()

A． Pig iron and steel are both iron alloys

B． Iron is the most abundant metallic element in the earth's crust

C. The principle of industrial ironmaking is: 3CO+Fe2O3===High temperature 2Fe+3CO2

D． Iron ore, coke, limestone and air are the raw materials for blast furnace ironmaking

2. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, our country began to produce and use iron tools. The principle of industrial iron making is the reaction of carbon monoxide and iron oxide. A chemistry interest group uses the device shown in Figure 6-3-3 to conduct experimental research. Please fill in the blanks as required.

(1)The phenomenon observed in A is _____________. Write the chemical equation for the reduction of Fe2O3 by CO: ______________.

(2) The phenomenon that can be observed in the test tube containing clear lime water in the experiment is ______________.

(3) The purpose of placing a lit alcohol lamp at the right airway port is to ______________.

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