"Metal Materials" Iron Metal Materials PPT (Application of the quantity of matter in the calculation of chemical equations in Lesson 2)

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"Metal Materials" Iron Metal Materials PPT (Application of the quantity of matter in the calculation of chemical equations in Lesson 2)

Part One: Learning Objectives

Curriculum Standards

1. Combine chemical equations to understand the calculations related to concepts such as the amount of matter, molar mass, molar volume of gas, and quantity concentration of matter.

2. Learn about common methods used in chemical calculations.

core competencies

1. Concept of change: Know the relationship between various physical quantities during the chemical change of substances.

2. Evidence reasoning: Have evidence awareness, be able to put forward possible hypotheses about material changes based on evidence, and perform calculations and demonstrations through analytical reasoning.

3. Social Responsibility: Have a rigorous and realistic scientific attitude and understand the relevant calculations in chemical equations.

Metal materials PPT, part 2: preview of new knowledge

1. Calculation formula between the amount of matter and other physical quantities

(1) The mass of the known substance m(B), n(B)=___________.

(2) The gas volume V[B(g)] under known standard conditions, n(B)=______________.

(3) The number of particles of the known substance N(B), n(B)=_______.

(4) It is known that the amount concentration of the solute in the solution c(B), n(B)=_______.

2. Application of quantity of matter in calculation of chemical equations

Conclusion: (1) The ratio of stoichiometric numbers in the chemical equation = the ratio of the number of particles of each substance = the ratio of the amounts of each substance.

(2) Under the same temperature and pressure, the ratio of the number of molecules of gaseous substances = the ratio of _____________ = the ratio of _________.

(3) In addition to expressing the particle number and mass relationships of reactants and products, chemical equations can also express the quantity relationship of their substances. For example, H2+Cl2===== igniting 2HCl can express ______________________________________________________________________.

Metal material PPT, the third part: key points and difficulties

Amounts of Substances Steps and Types of Calculations Used in Chemical Equations

1. The basic steps

2. Calculation type

(1)Basic calculations

When the quantity of a reactant (or product) is known and the relevant quantities of other substances are found, it is sufficient to list the proportional formulas of the known substances and the substances to be found according to the relationship between the quantities in the chemical equation.

(2) Calculation of mixture reaction

Assume that the amounts of each substance in the mixture are x and y. According to the relationship between the quantities in the chemical equation and represented by x and y, list the solutions to the system of equations.

(3) Over calculation

Given the quantities of two reactants, find the quantity of a product.

Method: According to the relationship between quantities in the chemical equation, determine which substance is in excess, and then solve the problem based on the amount of the insufficient substance.

special reminder

(1) When calculating, each substance is not necessarily expressed by the amount of the substance. The mass of the substance and the volume of the gas can also be used. However, attention should be paid to the conversion relationship between the amount of each substance and each physical quantity.

(2) For each quantity listed in the chemical equation, the units of the same substance must be the same. The units of different substances can be the same or different, but the units must be "unified up and down."

(3) When solving column formulas, please note that all values ​​must have units, and pay attention to the processing of significant figures.

【Literacy sublimation】Evidential reasoning: use examples to clarify the basic steps of calculation based on chemical equations

Example: Calculate how many liters of hydrogen will be generated under standard conditions when 0.1 mol of metallic sodium reacts with water?

①Write the balanced chemical equation according to the meaning of the question.

2Na＋2H2O===2NaOH＋H2↑

② Based on the stoichiometry of each substance in the equation, write the amounts of the known substances and substances to be found in the reaction under the corresponding substances.

2Na＋2H2O===2NaOH＋H2↑

2mol　1mol

0．1moln(H2)

③ List the proportional formulas of these four quantities.

2mol∶0.1mol=1mol∶n(H2)

④ Calculate according to the proportional formula and write down the calculation results concisely.

n(H2)＝0.1mol×1mol÷2mol＝0.05mol

⑤Convert the calculated amount of substance that generates H2 into the volume under standard conditions according to the requirements in the question.

V(H2)＝0.05mol×22.4L·mol－1＝1.12L

Metal material PPT, part 4: learn and apply

1. 2.3g sodium reacts with enough water to obtain 100mL solution. The concentration of the substance in the solution obtained is ()

A. 2mol·L－1 B． 1mol·L－1

C． 0.2mol·L－1 D． 0.1mol·L－1

2. The laboratory uses the reaction 2KClO3======△2KCl+3O2↑ to produce oxygen. Now 24.5gKClO3 participates in the reaction, and the volume of oxygen under standard conditions is ()

A. 2.24L B. 4.48L

C． 44.8L D. 6.72L

3. Fe reacts with CuSO4 solution. If the volume of the solution after the reaction is 1L, the mass of copper produced is 32g.

(1) The mass of Fe consumed in the reaction is ________.

(2) The concentration of FeSO4 in the solution after the reaction is ________.

Metal Materials PPT, Part 5: Class Summary

1. The ratio of the stoichiometric numbers of each substance in the chemical equation is equal to the ratio of the amounts of each substance participating in the reaction.

2. What is common in chemical reactions is the calculation of the amount of a certain substance, the amount concentration of a substance, or the volume of a gas, especially the application of conservation methods and relational expression methods.

Metal Materials PPT, Part Six: Qualification Examination Training

1. The chemical equation for industrial manufacturing of SiC (where the valency of silicon is +4) is as follows: SiO2 + 3C====== High temperature SiC + 2CO↑. In this redox reaction, the ratio of the amounts of oxidant and reducing agent is ()

A. 1:2B. 2:1

C． 1:1 D． 3:5

2. By reacting 28g of iron with a sufficient amount of dilute sulfuric acid, xmol of hydrogen can be produced. Now it is necessary to fill the balloon with 20g of hydrogen, which requires the consumption of ymol of iron. Then x and y are ()

A. 0.5, 0.5 B. 1, 10

C． 1, 1 D. 0.5, 10

3. 20mL of NaOH solution of a certain concentration can exactly neutralize 18mLxmol·L-1 H2SO4 solution or 24mLymol·L-1 hydrochloric acid, then x∶y is ()

A. 1∶2 B． 2:1

C． 2:3 D. 3:2

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Update Time: 2024-11-02

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