"Medieval European Society" Feudal Society in Asia and Europe PPT Courseware 6

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"Medieval European Society" Feudal Society in Asia and Europe PPT Courseware 6

Three knowledge points

1. Strictly hierarchical feudal society in Western Europe

2. The re-emergence of Western European cities

3. The demise of the Byzantine Empire

Strictly hierarchical feudal society in Western Europe

1. The establishment of the Frankish Kingdom:

In the 5th century, the Germans established many countries on the ruins of the Western Roman Empire, the strongest of which was the Frankish Kingdom.

2. Charles Martel's reforms - the formation of the feudal hierarchy in Western Europe:

(1) In the early 8th century, Charles Martel implemented reforms, changing the previous practice of unconditionally awarding land to nobles, and implementing conditional land enfeoffment. Those who received the fief must perform military service for the feudal lord. In the late 9th century, this kind of fiefdom gradually became a hereditary territory.

(2) Impact: After this reform, a strict hierarchy was formed within the feudal aristocracy.

3. The status and influence of the Holy See:

During the feudal society period in Western Europe, the Holy See had supreme power:

(1) Economically: It is the largest landowner in Western Europe.

(2) Politically: It is the spiritual pillar of the feudal system in Western Europe. In the realm of spiritual culture, divine authority overrides everything.

The hierarchy of feudal society in Western Europe

Charles Martel's feudal reforms

Main content: The relationship between feudal lords and vassals with land as the link.

The relationship between lord and vassal: The relationship between superiors and subordinates at each level is that of lord and vassal, and they are all subordinate relationships. The feudal master protected the vassal, and the vassal swore allegiance to the feudal master, paid tribute, and was called upon to fight in war.

The re-emergence of cities in Western Europe

1. Time: Cities began to appear in the 10th century.

2. Struggle: In the 11th and 12th centuries, citizens of some French cities began to fight for autonomy from feudal lords. A typical example was the struggle of the citizens of Langcheng for autonomy.

3. (The formation of the citizen class) Significance: In the process of the re-emergence of Western European cities and the rapid development of industry and commerce, the citizen class was formed. The wealthy businessmen and bankers among them developed into the early bourgeoisie, and their emergence prepared the conditions for the rise of capitalism.

The fall of the Byzantine Empire

1. Eastern Roman Empire: Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, was originally called Byzantium, so the Eastern Roman Empire was also called the Byzantine Empire.

2. The demise of the Eastern Roman Empire:

(1) In the 6th century, the Eastern Roman Empire was conquering everywhere. Its treasury was empty, its wealth was exhausted and its people were poor. It was no longer able to rule a vast area. Foreign nations continued to encroach on the territory of the Eastern Roman Empire, and the empire was declining day by day.

(2) In the first half of the 13th century, it was conquered and ruled by Western armies for more than half a century. Although the Byzantine Empire was restored for a time, it was torn apart.

(3) At the end of the 13th century, the Ottoman Turkish state emerged in West Asia and continued to expand. In the mid-15th century, Constantinople was captured and the Byzantine Empire was destroyed.

An important reason for the demise of the Byzantine Empire was that it was intoxicated with the glory of the past, closed itself off, ignored the development of other excellent civilizations, and fell behind.

Enlightenment: Openness and tolerance make civilization prosper, while conservatism and narrowness make civilization decline!

Research questions

1. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, many countries were established. Which country was the largest?

2. After the 5th century, what country continued to expand and dominate central and western Europe?

3. Who led the reforms that took place in this country in the early 8th century?

4. What are the main contents of this reform?

5. When did this kind of fiefdom gradually become a hereditary territory?

6. What is the significance of this reform?

7. What are the characteristics of the feudal hierarchy in Western Europe?

8. Briefly describe the status and influence of the Christian church in Western Europe?

1. "The vassal of my vassal is not my vassal." This sentence reflects the phenomenon that

A. Conditional land enfeoffment to nobles

B. There was no rank difference among European feudal lords

C. is the purpose of Charles Martel's reforms

D. Each lord can only govern his own vassals

2. The largest feudal landowner in Europe was

A.Church B.Nobility

C.Knight D.King

3. A certain class carried out a historical research study activity to explore the causes of the decline of the Byzantine Empire. Four groups respectively determined the research topics. The most accurate one was

A. Conservatism and narrow-mindedness led to the decline of the empire

B. Differences in beliefs led to the decline of the empire

C. National integration leads to the decline of empires

D. Racial conflicts led to the decline of the empire

Formal assignment:

1. Practice on page 32 of the textbook.

2. Explain in detail the formation of the feudal hierarchy in Western Europe.

3. Detailed introduction to the demise of the Eastern Roman Empire.

homework:

1. Recite the key points of this lesson and preview Lesson 6.

2. Complete the supporting exercises of this lesson independently.

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