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"Mechanical Efficiency" Simple Machinery PPT Courseware 2
learning target
1. Understand what useful work, extra work and total work are.
2. Understand what mechanical efficiency is.
3. Explore what factors are related to the efficiency of inclined plane machinery.
think about it
What is the useful work of a person who draws water from a well with a bucket? What is extra work?
The work done on the water is useful work, and the work done on the bucket is extra work.
If a bucket falls into water and the bucket filled with water is picked up, what is the useful work? What is the extra work?
The work done on the bucket is useful work, and the work done on the water is extra work.
Mechanical efficiency
1. Definition: The ratio of useful work to total work is called mechanical efficiency.
2. Expression: W has/W total
Because mechanical efficiency is the ratio of two works, it has no units.
1. Is there any machine with 100% mechanical efficiency? Why?
No! Because useful work is always less than total work, mechanical efficiency is always less than 1.
2. How can we improve the efficiency of machinery?
Reduce extra work
Improve the structure to make it reasonable and lightweight
Regular maintenance and regular lubrication
Explore the relationship between the mechanical efficiency of the inclined plane and the slope of the inclined plane
Experimental steps
1. Measure the weight of small wooden blocks and record the data;
2. Use a spring dynamometer to pull the small wooden block upward at a constant speed along the incline; record the pulling force F, the distance s the block moves along the incline, and the height h the block rises to;
3. Change the inclination of the bevel and repeat step 2.
Mechanical efficiency of bevels
The mechanical efficiency of the inclined surface is related to the smoothness of the inclined surface and the slope of the inclined surface. The smoother the inclined surface and the smaller the slope, the higher the mechanical efficiency.
Class exercises
1. Regarding mechanical efficiency, which of the following statements is correct ( )
A. Mechanical efficiency is always less than 1
B. The more work a machine does per unit time, the higher the mechanical efficiency.
C. The more work a machine does, the higher its mechanical efficiency will be.
D. The more labor-saving machinery, the higher the mechanical efficiency.
2. The mechanical efficiency of a certain machine is 75%, which means that this device is used to do work ( )
A.The total work is 3 times the additional work
B. The useful work is 3 times the extra work
C. Total work is 3 times the useful work
D. The extra work accounts for 3/4 times of the total work
3. In order to improve the mechanical efficiency of the pulley block, which of the following practices is correct ( )
A. Lift heavy objects at a fast and constant speed
B. Lift the heavy object at a slow speed and uniform speed
C. Increase the number of rope strands that bear the weight of the object
D. Make the pulley lighter and reduce the friction during the rotation of the pulley.
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