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"Measuring the Density of Substances" Mass and Density PPT courseware download
The first part of the content: Practice on classification of knowledge points
Knowledge point 1: Use of measuring cylinder
1. Graduated cylinders and measuring cups are tools for measuring ________, as shown in Figure 6-3-1. The liquid level in the graduated cylinder is concave. When reading, the line of sight should be level with _______________. The volume of the liquid in the graduated cylinder is ____mL. If you look down at (A), the reading will be _____ (please fill in "too high" or "too small"); if you look up (C), the reading will be ______ (please fill in "too big" or "too small").
2. Which of the following statements about measuring cylinders is incorrect ()
A． When reading the volume of water in the measuring cylinder, your line of sight should be level with the concave surface of the water surface.
B． A measuring cylinder can not only measure the volume of liquids, but can also indirectly measure the volume of solids.
C. Graduated cylinders generally use mL as the unit of measurement
D. A graduated cylinder with a measuring range of 0 to 200 mL has more accurate measurement results than a measuring cylinder with a measuring range of 0 to 100 mL.
3. If you want to use a measuring cylinder to measure 120 g of kerosene more accurately at one time, which of the following measuring cylinders should be used (ρ kerosene = 0.8×103 kg/m3) ()
A． 0～100 mL, 5 mL
B． 0～200 mL, 2 mL
C. 0～200 mL, 5 mL
D. 0～500 mL, 5 mL
Knowledge point 2: Measuring the density of liquids
4. In order to measure the density of salt water, Xiao Ming formulated the following experimental plan: ① Measure the mass of the empty beaker; ② Pour part of the salt water in the beaker into the graduated cylinder; ③ Measure the volume of salt water in the graduated cylinder; ④ Calculate the density of salt water based on the experimental data ; ⑤ Pour an appropriate amount of salt water into the beaker and measure their total mass; ⑥ Measure the mass of the beaker and the remaining salt water. The most reasonable arrangement of the above experimental steps and the smallest error is ()
A． ①⑤②③④ B． ⑤②③⑥④
C. ⑤②③①④ D. ⑤⑥②③④
5. In the experiment "Measuring the Density of Salt Water":
(1) Place the balance on the table of _____. After returning the scale to zero, the pointer position is found as shown in Figure 6-3-2A. At this time, the balance nut should be moved to ____ (optional "left" or " "Right") until the beam is balanced.
(2) Place a small beaker containing an appropriate amount of salt water on the left plate of the balance. When the balance is balanced, the positions of the weights and sliders used on the scale are as shown in Figure B. If the mass of the small beaker is 20 g, then The mass of salt water in the small beaker is ____g. Then, pour all the salt water in the beaker into the graduated cylinder. When the liquid level reaches the position shown in Figure C, the volume of the salt water in the graduated cylinder is ____cm3. From this, the density of salt water can be calculated as ________kg/m3.
(3) The density value of salt water measured in this experimental operation is biased toward ____ (please fill in "large" or "small") because of_______________________________.
Knowledge point 3: Measuring the density of solids
6． Use a balance and measuring cylinder to measure the density of the alloy block:
(1) When adjusting the balance, it is found that the pointer is biased to the right side of the index plate (as shown in Figure 6-3-3A). At this time, the balance nut should be adjusted to ____.
(2) Xiao Ming uses a pallet balance to measure the mass of the alloy block. The operation is as shown in Figure B. He points out one of the errors: ____________________________________________.
After correcting the error, Xiao Ming used the correct method to weigh the mass of the alloy block. When the balance was balanced, the positions of the weights and verniers placed on the scale on the scale were as shown in Figure C. The mass of the alloy block was _____g.
(3) Tie the alloy block with a thin wire and put it into a measuring cylinder containing 30 mL of water. The position where the water surface reaches is as shown in Figure D. Then the volume of the alloy block is ____cm3, and the density of the alloy block is ______g/cm3.
7． When using a measuring cylinder and water to measure the volume of small stones, first pour an appropriate amount of water into the measuring cylinder. The standard for "appropriate amount" is ()
A． Looks like neither more nor less
B． It can submerge stones, and the water will not overflow after the stones are put into the water.
C. The water surface is approximately in the middle of the measuring cylinder
D. It can submerge stones, and the water level does not exceed the maximum measurement value of the measuring cylinder after the stones are put into the water.
Measuring the density of substances PPT, part 2: comprehensive practice of regular methods
8. In order to measure the density of vinegar, Xiao Ming designed the following experimental steps: ① Use a balance to measure the mass m0 of the empty measuring cylinder; ② Pour an appropriate amount of vinegar into the measuring cylinder and measure the volume V of vinegar; ③ Use a balance to measure the total mass of the measuring cylinder and vinegar. m total. Regarding Xiao Ming’s experimental design, the most reasonable of the following evaluations is ()
A． The experimental procedures are scientific and reasonable B. Incorrect volume measurement of vinegar
C. The measured density value of vinegar is too small D. The measuring cylinder is easily broken
9. Xiaowei uses a balance and a measuring cylinder to measure the density of orange juice. The redundant part in the following steps is ()
A． Use a balance to measure the mass of an empty beaker
B． Pour the orange juice into the beaker and use a balance to measure the total mass of the beaker and orange juice
C. Pour a portion of the orange juice from the beaker into the measuring cylinder and measure the volume of the orange juice in the measuring cylinder.
D. Use a scale to measure the total mass of the beaker and remaining orange juice
10. Xiao Ming used a balance and a measuring cylinder to measure the density of the ore. He first placed the balance on the ____ table. After adjusting the balance, he measured the mass of the ore as shown in Figure 6-3-4. The mass of the ore was ____g. Then The volume of the ore is measured to be 20 cm3, then the density of the ore is ________kg/m3.
11. Xiaohua’s mother was worried that the salad oil she bought from the market was gutter oil. Xiaohua dispelled her mother’s worries and found out from the Internet that the density of high-quality salad oil is 0.91~0.93 g/cm3, and that of gutter oil is 0.94~0.95 g/cm3. , and completed the experiment of identifying the quality of oil by measuring density.
(1) Place the pallet balance on a horizontal table, move the slider to the zero mark on the left end of the ruler, and find that the pointer points to the left of the center line of the index plate when it is still, then the balance nut should be moved to ____ (optional "left" ” or “right”) to make the beam balanced.
(2) Pour an appropriate amount of salad oil into the beaker, and use a balance to weigh the total mass of the beaker and salad oil as 70 g. Then pour part of the salad oil in the beaker into the measuring cylinder, as shown in Figure 6-3-5A. The volume of salad oil in the measuring cylinder is ____cm3. Then weigh the total mass of the beaker and the remaining salad oil. If the balance cannot be balanced by adding or subtracting weights, it should be moved _____; when the balance is rebalanced, the positions of the weights and sliders on the scale are as shown in Figure B, then The mass of salad oil poured into the measuring cylinder is _____g.
(3) The density of the salad oil is _____g/cm3, and the quality of the salad oil is ______ (optional "qualified" or "unqualified").
12. [2018·Zunyi] An extracurricular activity group measured the density of a certain liquid: first put the balance on a horizontal table, reset the scale to zero, and found that the pointer is as shown in Figure 6-3-6. You can adjust the balance nut to ___ to balance the beam; after adjusting the balance, first use the balance to measure the mass of the empty glass bottle with the lid on, which is 28 g. Then fill it with water and cover the lid, and measure the total mass. is 78 g; pour out the water, dry the inside and outside of the glass bottle, fill it with the liquid to be measured and close the lid. The total mass is measured to be 68.5 g, then the density of the liquid to be measured is ________kg/m3. (ρwater=1.0×103 kg/m3)
13. [2018·Xiangyang] During Xiangyang’s unique folk festival Chuantian Festival, people pick up Chuantian stones along the Han River and tie them with strings to wear them to ward off evil spirits. Wang Jun and several classmates used equipment such as a scale, thin wire, measuring cylinder and water (ρ water = 1.0 g/cm3) to measure the density of the sky stone.
(1) Use a balance to weigh the mass of the sky-piercing stone: After the balance is balanced, the positions of the weights and wanderers in the right pan on the scale are shown in Figure 6-3-7A. The mass of the sky-piercing stone is ___g.
(2) Use a measuring cylinder and water to measure the volume of Chuantian Stone: first pour an appropriate amount of water into the measuring cylinder, where the exact meaning of "appropriate amount" is: ①______________;
②____________________________.
(3) The situation before and after the Chuantian stone is placed in the measuring cylinder is shown in Figure B (ignoring the volume of the thin line). The density of the Chuantian stone is _____g/cm3.
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