"Measuring the Density of Matter" Mass and Density PPT

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"Measuring the Density of Matter" Mass and Density PPT

Part One Content: Basic Knowledge Key Points

Knowledge point 1: Use of measuring cylinder

1. When measuring the volume of a liquid, as shown in the figure, the correct reading of the three graduated cylinders A, B, and C is Figure A.

2. Hang an iron block with a volume of 10 cm3 at the lower end of the wax block so that the wax block is completely immersed in the water in the measuring cylinder. At this time, the water surface in the measuring cylinder changes as shown in the figure, then the volume of the wax block is 50 cm3.

Knowledge point 2: Measuring the density of liquids

3. When using a balance and measuring cylinder to measure the density of a certain edible oil, the following operations are unnecessary (A)

A. Use a balance to measure the mass of the empty beaker

B. Pour an appropriate amount of oil into the beaker, and use a balance to measure the total mass of the beaker and oil.

C. Pour the oil in the beaker into the measuring cylinder and measure the volume of the oil poured into the measuring cylinder.

D. Use a balance to measure the total mass of the beaker and remaining oil.

4. (Anhui High School Entrance Examination) Students measure the density of an unknown liquid through the following experimental steps.

(1) Take a beaker, pour an appropriate amount of the liquid to be measured into it, and use a pallet balance to measure the mass of the beaker (including the liquid in it) at this time to be 76.4 g;

(2) Take another 100 mL measuring cylinder and slowly pour part of the liquid in the beaker into the measuring cylinder. As shown in Figure a, the volume of the liquid in the measuring cylinder is 60 mL;

(3) Then use the tray balance to measure the mass of the beaker (including the remaining liquid) at this time. As shown in Figure b, the reading of the tray balance is 28.2 g; then the density of the liquid ρ = 0.8 × 103 kg/m3.

Knowledge point 3: Measuring the density of solids

5. Use a balance and a measuring cylinder to measure the density of a plastic block with a density smaller than water. Use the following steps, of which the redundant step is (B)

A. Use a balance to measure the mass of the plastic block

B. Take a small piece of iron and measure its mass using a balance

C. Dip the iron block into the measuring cylinder filled with water and record the height of the water surface.

D. Tie the iron block and the plastic block together and put them in. Note the height difference of the liquid level.

6. Use a balance and measuring cylinder to determine the density of the metal block. Place the pallet balance on a horizontal table, place the free scale at the zero mark of the scale, and adjust the balance of the balance beam. When adjusting the balance of the balance beam, if the pointer is in the position shown in Figure A, in order to balance the balance beam in the horizontal position, the balance nut on the left end of the balance should be moved to the right. Place the metal block in the left pan of the adjusted balance. When the balance is balanced, the positions of the weights in the right pan and the sliders on the scale are as shown in Figure B. The mass of the metal block is 174 g; Before and after putting it into the measuring cylinder, the position of the water surface in the measuring cylinder is as shown in Figure C, then the density of the metal block is 5.8×103kg/m3.

Measuring the density of matter PPT, part 2: improvement of comprehensive capabilities

7. The density of paraffin is less than that of water. In order to measure the volume of paraffin, a student used the method as shown in the figure. The experimental steps A and C (fill in the letters) in the figure can be omitted. The volume of paraffin is 5 cm3.

8. It is necessary to measure alcohol with a mass of 100 g and a density of 0.8×103 kg/m3 at one time. The most suitable measuring cylinder is (C)

A. Measuring range 100 mL, graduation value 2 mL

B. Measuring range 500 mL, graduation value 50 mL

C. Measuring range 250 mL, graduation value 5 mL

D. Measuring range 400 mL, graduation value 10 mL

9. In order to measure the density of salt water, an experimental team formulated the following experimental plan:

①Put an appropriate amount of salt water into the beaker and measure their total mass;

② Calculate the density of salt water based on experimental data;

③Measure the volume of salt water in the measuring cylinder;

④Measure the mass of the empty beaker;

⑤Pour all the salt water in the beaker into the measuring cylinder.

The most reasonable arrangement of the above experimental steps is (D)

A.④①②③⑤B.①②③⑤

C.①②④⑤ D.④①⑤③②

10. After learning about density, Xiao Ming used a scale and measuring cylinder to measure the density of a certain brand of yogurt.

(1) As shown in the figure, Figures A, B, and C are schematic diagrams of his experiments in order. Based on the data in the figure, complete the blank spaces in the table below;

(2) In the above experiment, some yogurt will remain on the inner wall of the beaker, causing the experimental results to be too large (please fill in "too large" or "too small").

11. In the experiment "Measuring the density of small rocks using a pallet balance and graduated cylinder":

(1) Xiaojun uses a pallet balance to measure the mass of an object. The operation is as shown in Figure A. The mistake is to adjust the balance nut during the measurement process;

(2) Student Xiao Ming first uses a pallet balance to measure the mass of small stones. The steps are as follows:

① Place the pallet balance on a horizontal table and adjust the balance;

② After the balance is balanced, place the small stones on the left pan, use tweezers to add or subtract weights to the right pan, and use tweezers to gently move the balance until the beam is balanced again, and the weights in the right pan and the balance are As shown in Figure B, the mass of the small stone is 47.2g;

Measuring the density of matter PPT, Part 3: Expanding exploration and breakthroughs

12. (Ningxia High School Entrance Examination) Xiao Ning wanted to measure the density of a jade bracelet and conducted the following experimental operations:

(1) As shown in Figure A, Xiaoning placed the balance on a horizontal table and saw that the pointer was pointing at the center line of the index plate, so he directly used the balance to measure. The error in Xiaoning’s operation is that the game code is not reset to zero;

(2) After correcting the error, Xiao Ning used an adjusted balance to measure the mass of the jade bracelet. The number of weights used and the position of the weights are shown in Figure B. The mass of the jade bracelet is 37 g;

(3) Xiaoning encountered a problem when measuring the volume of the jade bracelet. The jade bracelet cannot be placed into the 100 mL measuring cylinder, and the volume of the bracelet cannot be measured. Please choose appropriate equipment from a balance, beakers (no limit on quantity and size), measuring cylinder (100 mL), small wooden blocks, water, and thin wires, find a way to measure the volume of the bracelet, and write down the specific steps (you can combine Draw pictures and explain with words).

The method used: ① Use a beaker and wooden blocks to form an overflow cup, fill the overflow cup with water, as shown in Figure A; ② Tie the bracelet with a thin thread, and immerse the bracelet in the overflow cup as shown in Figure B. In the water, use a small beaker to collect the water flowing out of the overflow cup; ③Pour all the water collected in the small beaker into the measuring cylinder, as shown in Figure C, then the volume of the bracelet is the volume of water in the measuring cylinder.

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Update Time: 2024-11-21

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