Lu Jiao Edition Ninth Grade Physics Volume 1

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"Charge Triboelectricity" Current and Circuit PPT Courseware

Experience: Frictional electrification

Activity 1: Frictional electrification

(1) Put the plastic comb (plastic pen, glass rod) close to the small piece of paper. Does the plastic comb (plastic pen, glass rod) attract the small piece of paper?

(2) Rub the plastic comb (plastic pen, glass rod) on the chemical fiber clothes and then bring it close to the small piece of paper. Does the plastic comb (plastic pen, glass rod) attract the small piece of paper?

Activity 2: Bring two balloons that have been rubbed against clothes together. Do the two balloons attract or repel each other?

Reference answer:

Activity 1: (1) Not attractive (2) Attractive

Activity 2: Exclusion

1. Static electricity phenomenon:

(1)Characteristics of charged objects: ____________________.

(2) Frictional electrification: ____________________.

2. The law of interaction between charges:

(1) Positive charge: ____________________.

(2) Negative charge: ____________________.

(3) The law of interaction between charges: _______________.

3. Structure of matter: Common substances are composed of ______ and ______, and atoms are composed of ________ and ________.

4. Electroscope: Inspect __________________.

5. Static electricity:

(1)Application:_______________________________.

(2) Protection: The tops of tall buildings are equipped with _____________.

Explore 1 Static Electricity Phenomenon

Combined with "Activity 1" in "Experience", think about the following questions.

1. In the activity, what common characteristics do the rubbed plastic combs, plastic pens, and glass rods have?

Reference answer: It can attract light and small objects.

2. We say that the rubbed plastic combs and glass rods have _________ or _________. The use of friction to electrify an object is called ________.

Reference answer: electricity, electric charge, frictional electrification

【Micro Dial】

(1)Characteristics of charged objects: attracting light and small objects;

(2) If a small object is charged, it will also be attracted to a larger object.

Explore 2 the rules of interaction between charges

Combined with "Activity 2" in "Experience", think about the following questions.

1. Explore the types of charges and their interaction rules:

(1) Conjecture and hypothesis: Are the charges charged by friction between different objects the same?

Reference answer: Not the same.

(2) Experimental design: as shown in the figure.

(3) Experimental phenomena.

①As shown in Figure A, the glass rods rubbed with silk ________ each other after being brought close to each other.

②As shown in Figure B, the rubber rods rubbed with fur ________ each other after getting close.

③As shown in Figure C, put the glass rod rubbed with silk close to the rubber rod rubbed with fur. When they are close, they ________ each other.

Reference answers: ①Repulsion ②Repulsion ③Attraction

(4) Experimental analysis: By analyzing the above experiments, it can be concluded that:

①The charging situation of a glass rod rubbed with silk and a rubber rod rubbed with fur is ______. There are only ________ charges in nature. A glass rod rubbed with silk will have ________, and a rubber rod rubbed with fur will have _________.

②Like charges ________ each other, and different charges _________ each other.

Test point 1: Frictional electrification

[Model Question 1] (2015 Chaoyang High School Entrance Examination) Which of the following phenomena has nothing to do with frictional electrification ()

A. Open the faucet and let out a thin stream of water. Use a plastic comb that has been combed on dry hair to get close to the water flow. You will see that the water flow is close to the comb.

B. In the dry season of autumn and winter, you will see sparks when you take off your sweater.

C. Rub hands to warm them in winter

D. It is strictly forbidden to use plastic barrels to transport gasoline

【Exquisite analysis】Choose C. This question examines the phenomenon of frictional electrification. Use a plastic comb (charged) on dry hair and place it close to the thin stream of water. The static electricity on the comb will attract the water and bring the water stream closer to the comb. This is related to frictional electrification; you will see this when taking off your sweater in the dry season of autumn and winter. Electric sparks are caused by frictional electrification. Using plastic barrels to transport gasoline can make the gasoline electrified through friction, which is prone to danger and is related to frictional electrification. Rubbing your hands in winter makes your hands warmer, which changes the internal contents of objects by doing work. Yes, it has nothing to do with frictional electrification, so choose C.

[Golden Key to Clearing Customs] Methods to Identify Electrical Phenomena

(1) After two objects composed of different materials rub together, the objects become charged.

(2) If an object can attract light and small objects, the object is charged.

(3) There is discharge phenomenon.

Test point 2: Determine the electrification of objects

[Demonstration Question 2] (2015 Rizhao High School Entrance Examination) A rubber rod rubbed with fur is brought close to a light ball. It is found that the two repel each other. From this, it can be identified ()

A. The ball must be positively charged

B. The ball must be negatively charged

C. The ball may be negatively charged or positively charged

D. The ball must not be charged

[Problem Solving Guide] (1) What is the electric charge of a rubber rod rubbed with fur?

(2) What are the rules for the interaction between charges?

Tips: (1) Negative charge; (2) Like charges repel each other, and dissimilar charges attract each other.

【Exquisite analysis】Choose B. This question examines the interaction between charges. The rubber rod rubbed by the fur must be negatively charged. The rod and the ball repel each other, which means that the rod and the ball have the same charge, that is, the ball is also negatively charged.

[Variation training] A charged object is in contact with a metal ball of a positively charged electroscope. It is observed that the metal foil of the electroscope first closes and then opens. Based on this phenomenon, it can be concluded that ()

A. A charged object must have a large amount of positive electricity

B. A charged object must have a large amount of negative electricity

C. The charged object must have the same amount of positive electricity as the electroscope

D. The charged object must have the same amount of negative charge as the electroscope

[Analysis] Choose B. This question examines the interaction between charges and the principle of the electroscope. Because the metal ball of the electroscope is positively charged, the metal foil of the electroscope is closed first, which means that the charges of the electroscope and the charged object are offset, so the charging properties of the charged object are opposite to those of the electroscope, so the charged object is negatively charged; if the charged object The amount of negative charge is equal to the amount of positive charge carried by the electroscope, then the positive and negative charges will exactly cancel out, and the metal foil will not open at an angle; if the amount of negative charge carried by the charged body is greater than the positive charge carried by the electroscope If the amount of electricity is large, then after the positive and negative charges are offset, negative charges remain, and the metal foil reopens due to the negative charge.

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For more information about the "Current and Circuit Triboelectric Charge" PPT courseware, please click the Current and Circuit ppt Charge Triboelectric Powerpoint tab.

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Update Time: 2024-09-10

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