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"Kongming Borrows Arrows" PPT Courseware 9
my country's Four Great Classical Novels
Romance of the Three Kingdoms Luo Guanzhong
Water Margin Shi Naian
Dream of Red Mansions Cao Xueqin
Journey to the West Wu Chengen
information kit
"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is a famous historical novel in my country and one of the four great classics in my country. This novel tells the story of Wei, Shu, and Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. The characters such as Cao Cao, Sun Quan, Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, and Guan Yu created in the book are household names. Many stories in the book, such as "Three Brothers in Peach Garden", "Three Visits to Thatched Cottage", "Burning Red Cliff" and "Empty City Strategy", have been widely circulated. The author is Luo Guanzhong in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties.
The text "Borrowing Arrows from a Straw Boat" is adapted from the relevant content of Chapter 46 of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms".
The text "Kong Ming Borrows Arrows" is excerpted from the first half of the 46th chapter of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" "Kong Ming Borrows Arrows with a Cunning Scheme, and Offers a Secret Plan to Huang Gai to Be Punished". It is a text with a historical theme.
The story takes place at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when Cao Cao had just defeated Liu Bei and sent troops to attack Sun Quan. So Liu Bei and Sun Quan united to resist Cao Cao. Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to Sun Quan to help him fight.
Get to know the characters
Understand who Cao Cao, Zhou Yu, Zhuge Liang, and Lu Su are, and what is the relationship between them?
Cao Cao was the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, Zhou Yu was the general under Sun Quan, Zhuge Liang was the military advisor under Liu Bei, and Lu Su assisted Zhou Yu in commanding the three armies. Zhuge Liang and Lu Su both advocated that the Sun and Liu families unite to fight against Cao. The text praises Zhuge Liang's intelligence through Kong Ming's borrowing of arrows.
Zhuge Liang, courtesy name Kongming, was a statesman and military strategist of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he lived in seclusion in Longzhong, Deng County (now west of Xiangyang, Hubei Province), paying attention to worldly affairs, and was called "Wolong". In the twelfth year of Jian'an, Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage three times. He proposed to Liu Bei the idea of occupying Jing (today's Hunan and Hubei) and Yi (today's Sichuan) states, seeking support from the rulers of all ethnic groups in the southwest, uniting with Sun Quan, fighting against Cao Cao, and unifying the country. That is, The so-called "Longzhong pair". From then on he became Liu Bei's main adviser.
new words
Cao Cao concealed, hesitated and warned
Do not move, cheat, beat the drum and shout
Polyphonic characters
beat
léi drumming
lèi DaLei arena
tune
tiáo air conditioner
diào scheduling
1 Read the text freely and think about what the article talks about?
2 In what order are the texts written? Using borrowed arrows as a clue, the full text is divided into three parts.
1 Fill-in-the-blank exercises to understand the general idea
( ) takes ( ) three days to make ( ). ( ) borrowed a boat from ( ), and then used a straw boat to borrow arrows from ( )
2. Clarify the causes, processes and results of borrowing arrows
Cause (1, 2):
Passed (3-6)
Result (7, 8)
Read the cause part silently and ask you to think about:
How did Zhou Yu "invite" Zhuge Liang to discuss military matters? What is his real purpose, and how can you tell?
Zhou Yu was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent and wanted to harm Zhuge Liang, so he asked him to build 100,000 arrows within ten days. This was a public matter and was used to frame him. However, Zhuge Liang knew it well and put the overall situation first, so he took advantage of his plan and issued a military order. His sinister intentions are reflected in Zhou Yu's calm words.
How dare you play with the Governor! I am willing to accept the military order: if I don't do anything for three days, I will be punished severely. (Zhuge Liang said: "How dare you joke with the governor? I am willing to issue a military order. If it is not done well in three days, I will be punished.") (What is a "military order"? Why did Zhuge Liang want to issue a military order? You cannot make a pleading under the army. You will be subject to military law upon arrival.)
First, Zhuge Liang wanted to take the overall situation into consideration. Second, Zhuge knew the astronomy and geography. He already knew that there would be heavy fog in three days. He could use this opportunity to "borrow arrows" from Cao Cao and was "confident."
Zhou Yu was overjoyed and called the Military and Political Secretary to take the documents in person and treat him to wine. (Zhou Yu was very happy and asked Zhuge Liang to issue a military order in person, and also set up a banquet to entertain him.)
Why is Zhou Yu happy?
He was jealous of Zhuge Liang's talent and harbored murderous intentions. He issued a military order and if he failed to complete it, he would be punished by military law.
read sentences
Then he ordered twenty boats to be connected with long ropes and set off towards the north bank.
Zhuge Liang then ordered 20 boats to be connected together with long ropes, weigh anchor and set off for Cao's army camp on the north bank.
(Connect the boats with ropes and spread them out in a row, which not only facilitates unified movement and avoids getting separated, but also leaves no gaps, so that the area to receive arrows is large)
Kong Ming ordered the ship to be moved from head to west and tail to east, and he beat drums and shouted on the ship.
Zhuge Liang also taught the soldiers to move the ship from west to east and sail in front of Cao Jun's stronghold. Then, he ordered the soldiers to beat drums and shout, deliberately creating a momentum of drumming attack.
(The sergeant beats the drum and shouts, which not only builds momentum but also indicates the direction of the arrow.)
When did Cao Cao realize that he had been fooled?
The boat here is light and the water is fast. It has been back for more than 20 miles and cannot be caught up.
Zhuge Liang's arrow-fetching fleet had already left for more than 20 miles due to favorable winds and currents, and Cao Jun could not catch up.
From here we can see what Zhuge Liang has already planned?
(It seems that Zhuge Liang has already calculated the location and wind direction of the borrowed arrow)
Analyze the factors that ensure the success of borrowing arrows.
(1) The role of fog. (In winter, the fog is thickest during the fourth watch.)
(2) The role of the ship. (The straw man - looks like a person in the mist; connected - the gap is small, easy to receive arrows, and can be taken forward and backward.)
(3) Cao Cao was suspicious. (Not only did they not dispatch easily, they ordered the crossbowmen to shoot arrows, but they did not mobilize the six thousand crossbowmen to make more arrows.)
(4) The role of soldiers. (Beating and shouting, creating false momentum and leading the enemy to shoot arrows.)
(5) The role of water. (The northwest wind blows in winter, which makes the ship go "smoothly" when returning. At this time, the article mentions "winter" for the second time; by the time Cao Jun discovered it, the ship had already sailed more than 20 miles as if it were flying.)
To summarize the full text:
(1) After learning this, you understand why Zhou Yu lamented
"Kong Ming has a wonderful plan, I am not as good as me!"?
(2) At this time, you admire Zhuge Liang’s ingenuity
Does it count? Zhou Yu was also impressed with his admiration. Read "Kong Ming's clever calculation, I am not as good as me!" Read Zhou Yu and your admiration.
Where can we see Zhuge Liang's "magical plan" in the article? Tick "√" for the correct ones.
1. He knew that there must be heavy fog at the fourth watch on the third day. ( )
2. He calculated how to receive arrows. Twenty boats could be connected with ropes and lined up to receive arrows on both sides. ( )
3. He calculated the people well and knew that Lu Su would be honest and trustworthy and it would be fine if he borrowed the ship from him. Zhou Yu was extremely smart and Cao Cao was suspicious by nature. ( )
4. Zhuge Liang can calculate because he is an immortal. ( )
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