"Integration of this Chapter" Population and Geographic Environment PPT Courseware

"Integration of this Chapter" Population and Geographic Environment PPT Courseware

Part One: Deepening of Core Inductive Thinking

Interpretation of common demographic charts

1. Line graph (curve graph, line graph)

Curve charts and line charts are statistical charts that use the ups and downs and ups and downs of curves or polylines to display the changes and development trends of geographical data. This kind of graph plays an important role in analyzing the dynamic changes and dependencies of various geographical things. The general idea for analyzing curve graphs is as follows:

2. Histogram

This type of graphics generally marks the classification items on the abscissa and the size of the data on the ordinate, which can emphasize that the data changes with the classification items (such as time, etc.). The general idea of ​​analyzing a histogram is as follows:

3. Circular charts (fan charts, pie charts, etc.)

A circular chart is a statistical chart that represents geographical data based on the area of ​​a circle. This kind of graph reflects the overall internal structure more clearly than the histogram. The general idea of ​​analyzing a circle chart is as follows:

4. Two-dimensional coordinate chart

A two-dimensional coordinate diagram is also called a plane rectangular coordinate diagram. It uses horizontal and vertical coordinates to represent two geographical things or phenomena. The points, lines, etc. in the coordinate diagram represent the relationship between the two geographical things or phenomena, and can concisely reflect the geographical things or phenomena. The laws of spatiotemporal changes of phenomena. The general idea of ​​analyzing a two-dimensional coordinate graph is as follows:

5.Multiple coordinate value chart (planar square coordinate chart)

(1) Interpretation method.

A common multi-coordinate value diagram in high school is a flat square coordinate diagram. Two sides of the flat square coordinate diagram represent two variables respectively, and the other two sides represent one variable. When expressing population growth, the bottom edge is often used to represent the population death rate, the adjacent side represents the population birth rate, and the remaining two sides represent the natural growth rate of the population. In this type of graph, the birth rate and death rate data are easier to read, while the reading process of the natural population growth rate is more complicated, but a diagonal line of a square can be drawn, and the reading can be read along the diagonal direction.

(2)Case analysis.

As shown in the dynamic statistical chart of population growth in various continents in the world (above), first read the meaning of the coordinates. The lower abscissa represents the population death rate, the left ordinate represents the birth rate, and the upper abscissa and right ordinate represent the average annual natural population growth. Rate. Combined with the legend, we can read the changing trends of population birth rate, death rate, and natural growth rate in different time periods on each continent. For example, Asia had the highest natural population growth rate from 1960 to 1965. You can also compare major companies in the same time period

The difference in population growth between continents, for example, between 1995 and 2000, the continent with the lowest natural population growth rate was Europe, which had negative growth.

6.Triangle diagram

Triangular axis charts are often used to represent the percentage structure of geographical things with three variables.

(1) The key to reading pictures.

①The data in the figure only represent relative quantities, that is, "proportion" or "proportion", rather than absolute data.

②Each point in the figure can read three variables, and the sum of the proportions of each component must be 100%.

③There are only three components of this type of diagram.

④The three elements extend in the same direction from low to high on the number axis.

(2) Interpretation method.

①Read the origins and changing trends of the three coordinate axes, that is, the directions shown by arrows A, B, and C in the figure.

② Find another coordinate axis that intersects with the origin of the desired interpretation coordinate axis, which is called the adjacent axis. As shown in the figure, the adjacent axis to the A-axis is the C-axis.

Draw parallel lines a, b, and c parallel to the adjacent axes through the desired point (that is, converted into two-dimensional coordinates at the origin of the desired interpretation coordinate axis, referred to as "turn three into two").

Part Two: Practical Development of Subject Literacy

Examples of real-life applications of Population and Environment

population growth

(1) The population is growing too fast, the total number is too large, and the labor resources are abundant, but it will increase the pressure on resources, environment, employment, economy, etc., affecting economic development. The country should implement a family planning policy

(2) If the population growth is too slow, the problem of population aging will occur. The country should formulate policies to encourage childbirth and accept overseas immigrants.

Migration

(1) Areas where the population is mainly migrating, resulting in the loss of talents and labor force, should pay attention to the problems of left-behind elderly people, left-behind children, and left-behind women

(2) In areas where the population is mainly immigrated, the number of labor force increases, infrastructure construction should be strengthened, the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers should be protected, and the increase in crime rate should be prevented.

(3) Increase transportation capacity between the main places of population migration and places of migration during the Spring Festival travel period

Reasonable population capacity

(1) The population size of a country or region cannot exceed the local population capacity

(2) The population size of a country and region is best controlled within the reasonable population capacity.

Regional culture and population

(1) The age at first marriage affects the birth rate of the population and the speed of population growth.

(2) The stability of marriage affects the birth rate

(3) Countries or regions with religious beliefs have higher birth rates and natural growth rates of the population

(4) Our country’s preference for boys over girls affects the gender ratio of our country’s population.

(5) my country’s traditional concept of “more children means more blessings” affects the birth rate and population growth

(6) After the reform and opening up, the concept of "we are at home all over the world" has affected the migration of my country's population

Typical Example 2 Population inversion refers to the phenomenon that the number of floating population exceeds that of local residents. In recent years, the age structure of Shanghai's floating population has become significantly younger, and they are mainly engaged in manufacturing. Read the picture below and complete the following questions.

(1) Shanghai’s population inversion area ()

A. The secondary industry develops rapidly

B. It is a high-end residential area

C. Transportation is mainly water transport

D. Labor costs are higher than in urban areas

(2) The phenomenon of population inversion in Shanghai shows that the city ()

A. The carrying capacity of resources and environment is gradually increasing

B. The level of urbanization begins to increase

C. The natural growth rate of population increases

D. The problem of population aging is prominent

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