"Infectious Diseases and Their Prevention" PPT free download

"Infectious Diseases and Their Prevention" PPT free download

epidemic of infectious diseases

In 1348, a major outbreak of plague occurred in Europe. In just 5 years, the European population decreased by nearly 1/2.

In 1918, the global influenza outbreak killed 20 million people, including 500,000 in the United States, which was more than the number of people who died from the war.

What is the difference between communicable diseases and non-communicable diseases?

Myopia: caused by changes in the patient's own eye structure and cannot be contagious.

Conjunctivitis: caused by foreign pathogenic bacteria or viruses and is contagious.

Pathogens: Organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that cause infectious diseases.

Infectious diseases: diseases caused by pathogens that can be transmitted between people or between people and animals.

Source of infection: a person or animal (can be a patient or a carrier) who can spread the pathogen.

Transmission route: The route through which pathogens leave the source of infection and reach healthy people, which can be airborne, food-borne, biological vector-borne, etc.

Susceptible group: People who lack immunity to a certain infectious disease and are susceptible to the disease.

ANALYSE information

1. Analyze the transmission routes of influenza and talk about why you should cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief when you cough or sneeze. Why are the elderly and children more susceptible to influenza?

The main modes of transmission of influenza are droplets and airborne transmission. Therefore, cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief when you cough or sneeze to avoid infecting others. The elderly and children have poor physical constitution and weak resistance, so they are prone to colds.

2. What is the scientific basis for the approach mentioned in Material 2? Talk about your understanding.

The purpose of separating the dishes and chopsticks used by hepatitis A patients from their family members is to isolate the hepatitis A virus left on the dishes and chopsticks by hepatitis A patients from healthy people. This can prevent healthy people from being infected with hepatitis A. Tableware in restaurants must be strictly disinfected. This can kill bacteria and viruses on the tableware and prevent customers from contracting infectious diseases.

1. Classrooms must be ventilated and maintained with air flow every day. Regularly opening doors and windows for natural ventilation can effectively reduce the number of microorganisms in indoor air, improve indoor air quality, and regulate the microclimate of the room. It is the simplest and most effective method of indoor air disinfection. Recently, perhaps due to the drop in temperature, we have found that the windows in the class are not very well ventilated. We hope that as long as the weather conditions permit, the classroom windows should be opened as much as possible during class. No matter what the weather is, all doors and windows should be opened after class.

2. Get vaccinated. Common infectious diseases now generally have vaccines. Planned artificial automatic immunization is the main link to prevent the occurrence of various infectious diseases. Preventive vaccines are the best active means to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases. If your family conditions permit, it is recommended that you go to the nearest vaccination unit to receive the relevant vaccines.

3. Developing good hygiene habits is the key to preventing infectious diseases. Keep your study and living places clean and do not pile up garbage. You must wash your hands according to prescribed procedures before meals, after using the toilet, and after returning from going out. Cover sneezing, coughing, and cleaning your nose with toilet paper. Do not leave used toilet paper lying around. Change, wash, and dry clothes and bedding frequently, and do not vomit anywhere. Do not mix phlegm and personal hygiene products.

4. Strengthen exercise and enhance immunity. You should actively participate in physical exercise and go to the countryside and outdoors to breathe fresh air. Daily exercise can make the body's energy and blood flow smoothly, stretch the muscles and bones, and strengthen the body. When exercising, you must pay attention to climate changes, avoid morning fog and wind and sand, arrange the amount of exercise reasonably, and self-monitor your physical condition to avoid adverse effects on the body.

5. Live a regular life. Get good sleep and rest. Living a regular life and getting adequate sleep are very important to improve your own resistance. It is necessary to arrange your work and rest reasonably, and your daily sleep time should not be less than 8 hours. Aim to live a regular life and balance work with rest. Overworking the body regardless of study or other activities will inevitably lead to a decrease in the ability to resist diseases and make one susceptible to viral infections.

What should we pay attention to to prevent common intestinal infectious diseases?

(1) Develop good hygiene habits and wash hands before meals and after using the toilet;

(2) Do not eat raw food. Food must be cooked thoroughly before eating, especially shellfish and crustacean seafood;

(3) Cooked food should be eaten while it is hot, and overnight food must be heated thoroughly before eating;

(4) All cooking utensils and tableware should be washed clean and kept dry after use;

summary:

1. The concept of infectious diseases

2. Three basic links in the epidemic of infectious diseases

3. General measures to prevent infectious diseases

Think about it?

After diagnosing someone as having an infectious disease, the doctor immediately takes the following measures:

(1) Give the patient medicine and injection for treatment; ( )

(2) Disinfect the patient’s utensils; ( )

(3) The patient’s family members are not allowed to go out and outsiders are not allowed to visit; ( )

(4) Provide preventive injections to nearby residents; ( )

Could you please indicate which of these measures belong to it?

A. Control the source of infection B. Cut off the transmission route

C. Protect susceptible groups D. A and C

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