"India's Awakening" opens up a new development path PPT

"India's Awakening" opens up a new development path PPT

Part One: British Colonial Rule in India

1.In the mid-19th century, India was completely reduced to a British colony. It was one of the most important British overseas colonies and was known as the most dazzling jewel in the British crown.

2. The British vigorously promoted Western culture, scientific and technological inventions, and built railways in India, which promoted the spread of industrial civilization in India.

3. Britain also plundered raw materials in India, stepped up capital exports, and firmly controlled India's economic lifeline. India's national capitalism was struggling to develop.

4. During World War I, the British conscripted troops and requisitioned materials in India, which adversely affected India's economic and social development and further intensified the contradiction between the Indian people and the British colonists.

India's Awakening PPT, Part 2: The Establishment of the Indian National Congress

1. Background: Facing the impact of industrial civilization and British colonial rule, Indian society began to awaken, and people demanded more political, social and economic rights.

2. Establishment and role: In 1885, the Indian National Congress Party (referred to as the Congress Party) was established, and India’s national liberation movement had a unified national organization.

Gandhi's Satyagraha

1. Background:

After the end of World War I, Britain broke its promise that India would become an autonomous domain within the British Empire after the war. Instead, it enacted new security laws and strengthened its suppression of national movements.

2. The non-violent movement led by Gandhi:

①The beginning of the nonviolent movement:

During his stay in South Africa, Gandhi witnessed firsthand the discrimination suffered by Indian expatriates. National pride drove him to give up his career as a lawyer and his stable income, adopt non-violent methods, and lead Indian expatriates in many effective anti-racial discrimination struggles.

②Non-violent movement in India:

In 1919, after the new Security Law was passed, Gandhi, who had been cooperative with the colonial rulers, called on people to go on strike, hold prayers and hunger strikes to oppose the law, which unexpectedly triggered a bloody tragedy.

③Result:

The nonviolent movement had to be suspended.

④Influence:

Through many practical activities, nationalists such as Gandhi realized that simply resisting the British would not work. Therefore, Gandhi proposed the term "non-cooperation" as a supplement and improvement to the non-violent resistance movement. The non-cooperation strategy was supported by the Congress Party, and Gandhi was authorized to lead the Congress Party with full authority and became the leader of the Indian national movement.

India’s Awakening PPT, Part 3: Interpretation of the “Nonviolent Non-Cooperation Movement”

⑴Sports background:

①During World War I, the Indian people launched an upsurge in the national independence movement.

②The British brutally suppressed the resistance of the Indian people

③The development of India’s capitalist economy and the growth of the power of the bourgeoisie (Congress Party)

⑵Sports content:

①Students went on strike to boycott British schools

②Lawyers boycotted British courts

③Officials refused to serve in British colonial institutions

④Soldiers do not accept Yingfa medals

⑤Promote handmade textiles and resist Western material civilization

⑶Gandhism: including

①Political proposition: Non-violent revolution to achieve Indian autonomy or independence

②Economic Thought: Promote handmade textiles and resist Western material civilization

③Social Thought: Establish an equal and harmonious society

⑷ Characteristics of the movement: Use peaceful and legal means to achieve India’s autonomy and independence

India's Awakening PPT, Part 4: Evaluation of the Non-Violent Non-Cooperation Movement

⑴Gandhi is a famous leader of India's modern national liberation movement and the founder of Gandhism. He is revered as a "Mahatma".

⑵Progressivity:

① Created and promoted Gandhian thought and guided the national liberation movement; he led many non-violent and non-cooperation movements throughout his life to combat British colonial rule and enhance the national self-confidence and self-esteem of the Indian people.

②In the early days after World War II, Britain was forced to agree to India’s independence

⑵Limitations: Negative impact on the national liberation movement

① The use of non-violent means has tied the hands and feet of the people, reflecting the wavering and compromising nature of the Indian national bourgeoisie in the anti-imperialist struggle.

②Gandhi always had illusions about the British government.

③ Advocating traditional Indian civilization and opposing industrial civilization is a historical retrogression.

India's Awakening PPT, Part 5: Integration and Improvement

Comparison between India's Satyagraha Movement and Turkey's Kemalist Revolution

Same point:

Influenced by the October Revolution; the further intensification of national conflicts after World War I; the leadership of bourgeois political parties or organizations; and the fact that the people played the main role in the struggle; all dealt a heavy blow to colonial rule.

difference:

① Method of struggle: India uses non-violent non-cooperation; Türkiye uses violent revolution.

② Object and focus of struggle: India opposes the British colonial authorities and strives for national independence. Türkiye opposed the Sultan's rule and the partition by the Entente.

India’s Awakening PPT, Part Six: Class Summary

background

In the mid-19th century, India became a British colony.

The British controlled India's economic lifeline, and India's national capitalism struggled to develop.

Leading organization:

National Congress Party (National Congress Party)

India's national liberation movement has a unified national organization

Leader: Mahatma Gandhi

nonviolent disobedience movement

Overview: Three non-violent non-cooperation movements from the 1920s to the 1940s

Impact: Defeated the British colonial authorities and laid the foundation for Indian independence

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