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"Immunity and Planned Immunization" Infectious Diseases and Immunity PPT Courseware 3
ANALYSE information
1. Someone once conducted an experiment: a pathogenic streptococcus was applied to the clean skin of healthy people, and then checked again after 2 hours. It was found that more than 90% of the streptococci were eliminated.
Why do germs die quickly when applied to clean skin? What does this say about the function of skin?
Germs applied to clean skin are killed by skin secretions; this shows that the skin has the function of killing germs.
2. When germs invade the human body, phagocytes (a type of cell with phagocytic ability) will rush to the site where the germs invade, surround, engulf, and eliminate the germs.
Under what circumstances can germs invade the human body? In which tissues and organs of the human body are phagocytes distributed?
When the human body is weak, the immunity is reduced, or when the human skin is injured, germs can invade the human body; phagocytes are distributed in the human body's blood, lymph and other tissues, as well as in the human body's thymus, lymph nodes, spleen and other organs.
1. The three lines of defense of the human body
There are many pathogens in the natural environment where people live. Once these pathogens invade the human body, they may cause diseases and damage people's health.
Why can people live healthily in an environment where a large number of pathogens exist?
This is because the human body has three lines of defense to protect itself.
1. The human body’s first line of defense—skin and mucous membranes
(1) It can prevent pathogens from invading the human body.
(2) Secretions (such as lactic acid, fatty acids, enzymes, etc.) have bactericidal effects.
(3) The cilia on the respiratory mucosa have the function of cleaning up foreign matter (including germs).
2. The human body’s second line of defense—bactericidal substances and phagocytes in body fluids
1. The lysozyme in the bactericidal substance can destroy the cell walls of many pathogens and dissolve them.
2. Phagocytes distributed in the blood, tissues and organs can engulf and digest pathogens that invade the human body.
3. The human body’s third line of defense—immune organs and immune cells
Immune organs: spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow
Immune cells: lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell)
2. Immune function
Immunity: It is a physiological function of the human body. The human body relies on this function to identify "self" and "non-self" components, thereby destroying and rejecting antigenic substances entering the body, or damaged cells and tumor cells produced by the human body itself, in order to Maintain human health.
allergic reaction
Allergen: A substance that causes an allergic reaction.
Allergic reaction: A reaction that occurs under the stimulation of an allergen when the body's ability to resist the invasion of antigens is too strong.
Preventative measures: Identify the allergen and try to avoid exposure to it again.
3. Planned Immunization
Why can vaccination prevent certain infectious diseases?
Vaccines are usually biological products made from killed or attenuated pathogens. After being inoculated into the human body, they can cause the human body to produce corresponding antibodies, thereby improving resistance to specific infectious diseases.
According to the occurrence patterns of certain infectious diseases, various safe and effective vaccines are given to children in a planned manner according to scientific immunization procedures to achieve the purpose of preventing, controlling and eliminating corresponding infectious diseases. This planned prevention Vaccination is called planned immunization.
AIDS treatments
(1) Psychotherapy: Patients with depression, despair and other emotions need psychological and spiritual support and encouragement.
(2) Nutritional treatment: As the disease progresses and various infections occur, the body consumes more, and progressive malnutrition requires the provision of protein, calories and other nutritional support.
(3) Symptomatic treatment: such as cooling, correcting anemia, oxygen supply, fluid replenishment, correcting electrolyte imbalance, etc.
(4) Treatment and prevention of opportunistic infections: preventive medication, treatment for different pathogenic infections. Such as antibacterial treatment.
(5) Gene therapy: refers to the purpose of prevention and treatment through manipulation at the genetic level.
Self-assessment:
1. Multiple choice questions:
1. The following are the third line of defense of the human body ( )
A. Lysozyme and liver B. Blood and digestive juices
C. Lymphocytes and lymphoid organs D. Skin, mucosa
2. Among the following immunities, which one is non-specific immunity ( )
A. People who have been exposed to measles patients will not get measles again
B. People who have been vaccinated with BCG are not susceptible to tuberculosis
C. People who have had smallpox will not get smallpox again
D. Lysozyme in tears can kill bacteria
3. The organ that can produce lymphocytes is ( )
A. Thymus B. Lungs C. Kidneys D. Heart
4. The function of cilia on the human respiratory mucosa is ( )
A. Bactericidal effect B. Phagocytosis C. Scavenging effect D. Protective effect
5. Which of the following cannot be called the human body’s first line of defense ( )
A. The stratum corneum of the skin prevents bacterial invasion
B. The respiratory mucosa can adhere to bacteria and form phlegm for elimination from the body.
C. Some bacteria in the digestive tract are killed
D. Bacteria in the blood are destroyed by phagocytes
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"Immunity and Planned Immunization" Infectious Diseases and Immunity PPT Courseware 2:
"Immunity and Planned Immunization" Infectious Diseases and Immunity PPT Courseware 2 Questions 1. Why do people get sick? 2. Why do most people not get sick easily? Answer 1: Pathogen invasion. Answer 2: Usually people have certain resistance. Non-specific immunity. The first line of defense (skin and...
"Immunity and Planned Immunization" Infectious Diseases and Immunity PPT Courseware:
"Immunity and Planned Immunization" PPT courseware on infectious diseases and immunity 1. The three lines of defense of the human body The reason why people can live healthily in an environment with a large number of pathogens is because the human body has lines of defense to defend itself. So, what exactly are the lines of defense? Why apply it to clean...