"Victory in the Anti-Fascist War" PPT courseware on the rapidly turbulent modern world

"Victory in the Anti-Fascist War" PPT courseware on the rapidly turbulent modern world

1. Attack on Pearl Harbor

1. "Triple Alliance Treaty between Germany, Italy and Japan"

In September 1940, Germany, Japan and Italy signed the "Germany, Japan and Italy Tripartite Alliance Treaty", forming the Fascist Alliance.

2. Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor

Japan took advantage of Germany's temporary offensive in the European battlefield and formulated a "southern advance" policy in an attempt to dominate the Pacific. On December 7, 1941, Japan launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, the base of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, and the Pacific War broke out.

The Japanese combined fleet that attacked Pearl Harbor was commanded by Yamamoto Isoroku, and Nagumo Nakaichi was appointed commander of the assault formation. The Japanese army used a total of more than 60 ships, including 6 aircraft carriers and 423 carrier-based aircraft. During the entire sneak attack, the Japanese sunk a total of 3 US battleships, severely damaged 1, damaged 3, sunk or damaged more than ten other ships, and destroyed more than 260 US aircraft. Japan lost only 29 aircraft and 6 submarines. One hour after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese government officially declared war on the United States and Britain.

Reasons and background for Japan to launch the Pacific War:

1. Fanatic militarism hopes to gain more rights for aggression by defeating and conquering other countries.

2. The fight for the Pacific is part of the established policy of Japanese militarism’s foreign aggression, and is also the result of the contradictory struggle between Japan and the United States in the Pacific region.

3. Germany's victory and offensive on the European battlefield objectively fueled Japan's aggressive arrogance and became the external motivation for Japan to launch the Pacific War.

4. The formation of the fascist military alliance strengthened Japan's courage to launch the Pacific War.

5. In the early days of the war, the United States' attitude towards fascism encouraged Japan's courage to launch the war.

6. The need for war economy was the economic root of Japan’s launch of the Pacific War. Japan's national power cannot withstand long-term war consumption. As the war continued to expand, Japanese imperialism consumed more and more manpower, material resources, and financial resources on the Chinese battlefield, while the "southern advance" could obtain a large amount of strategic materials such as oil, tin, and rubber. The trade embargo imposed by the United Kingdom, the United States and other countries on Japan has dealt a heavy blow to Japan, which relies heavily on the import of strategic materials, and prompted Japan to resolve to "go to war with the United States."

3. "United Nations Declaration"

After the outbreak of the Pacific War, on January 1, 1942, 26 anti-fascist countries including the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union, and China signed the "United Nations Declaration" in Washington, declaring the final formation of the anti-fascist alliance.

Discuss and think about: the reasons and significance of the formation of the World Anti-Fascist Alliance.

Reason: The atrocities of fascism have aroused widespread opposition from peace-loving people around the world; the expansion of the war has involved more and more countries and regions in the war, and it is necessary and possible for anti-fascist forces to unite.

Significance: Strengthened the strength of anti-fascism; strengthened cooperation between each other, played an important role in defeating fascism; created a model of national unity and cooperation.

4. Battle of Midway (June 1942)

(1) Background. In 1942, more than two-thirds of the Japanese army was trapped in the Chinese battlefield and was unable to launch new attacks on land. It had to rely on the navy to consolidate and strengthen Japan's maritime superiority and completely destroy the U.S. Pacific Fleet.

Significance: The turning point of the Pacific War, the Japanese army switched from offense to defense, and the US military switched from defense to offense.

2. The Battle of Stalingrad

1. Battle of Stalingrad

After the Battle of Moscow, Hitler once again concentrated his forces to attack the southern part of the Soviet Union in the summer of 1942, trying to capture Stalingrad and then move north to outflank Moscow and eliminate the Soviet Union. The Battle of Stalingrad began. In the face of Germany's crazy attack, the Soviet military and civilians resisted tenaciously, and finally won the Battle of Stalingrad in February 1943.

Background: 1) After the Battle of Moscow, the German army was unable to launch a full-scale offensive; 2) Geographical location: Stalingrad is the most important industrial center, transportation hub and strategic location in the southern Soviet Union. If the German army captured Stalingrad, they could not only cut off the connection between the central and southern parts of the Soviet Union and occupy the Caucasus oil region, the fertile wilderness of the Don River and the Kuban, but they could also detour to the northeast, outflank Moscow, and advance into Siberia. Therefore, the victory or defeat in Stalingrad was related to the fate of the entire war between the Soviet Union and Germany.

significance. First, it brought about a fundamental turning point in the course of the Soviet-German war. Second, it greatly improved the Soviet Union’s international prestige. Third, it strengthens cooperation and unity among the countries of the International Anti-Fascist Alliance. Fourth, it had a significant impact on the entire process of World War II and was an important turning point in World War II.

3. The Yalta Conference and the defeat of Germany and Japan

1. Normandy landing (started on June 6, 1944)

In the early morning of June 6, 1944, under the command of General Eisenhower, a huge fleet carrying landing troops, covered by more than 700 ships and thousands of aircraft, crossed the English Channel and headed for the Normandy region of France, where the German defenses were weak. It quickly broke through the so-called "Atlantic Barrier" used by Hitler to defend against the attack of landing troops. In one month, more than 1 million Confederate troops landed. It mobilized a total force of 2.8 million men, more than 13,000 aircraft, and more than 9,000 ships to successfully open a second battlefield against Germany in Europe.

2.Yalta Conference

The Yalta Conference was held in February 1945. This conference was the most important meeting of the three giants of the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union in World War II. The meeting focused on issues such as handling the borders between Germany and Poland, establishing the United Nations, the Soviet Union's war against Japan, and arrangements for Far Eastern affairs. The Yalta Conference had a direct impact on the formation of the post-war world structure.

3.Germany surrendered (May 8, 1945)

On April 25, 1945, the American and Soviet armies met at the Elbe River. The Soviet army completed the siege of Berlin. After a bloody battle, the Red Army soldiers planted the red flag on the dome of the main building of the Reichstag on April 30. Hitler, who was full of crimes, shot himself in the head in the basement of the Chancellery, ending his criminal life. On May 2, the Soviet army captured Berlin. On May 8, Germany unconditionally surrendered.

Discussion: Reasons for the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War

First, the anti-fascist war is a just war.

The second is the alliance of world anti-fascist forces.

Third, the people are the decisive force for victory in the war.

Fourth, the important role of major powers and major-power conferences in wars.

4. World War II brought unprecedented disaster to mankind

Historical experience:

Countries with different ideologies and social systems can unite on the basis of equality to jointly deal with the challenges facing human survival and development; countries should coexist peacefully; the destiny of mankind is closely related, and international cooperation must be strengthened to achieve common goals. Development; peace is hard-won, and all countries in the world should work hard to defend peace.

lesson:

In the face of fascism, differences and disagreements in ideology and social systems should be ignored and we should unite to defeat fascism; in the face of fascism's aggressive expansion, appeasement and condonation can only encourage the aggressive ambitions of fascist countries and bring endless disasters; all countries in the world, no matter how big or small, strong or weak, Should treat each other as equals.

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