"Humans in Prehistory" Human Origins and Ancient Civilizations PPT Courseware 3

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"Humans in Prehistory" Human Origins and Ancient Civilizations PPT Courseware 3

Course standards online:

1. List representatives of early humans such as Australopithecus apes, and understand the origin of humans and the formation of the three main human races.

2. Tell the legend of Gaia and Ereste, and understand the reasons and characteristics of the formation of matrilineal clan society and patrilineal clan society.

1. The emergence of primitive humans

Collaborative exploration:

Why are there so many different legends about the origin of human beings?

On the one hand, it lies in the curiosity and inquiring spirit of ancient ancestors to trace their roots and explore knowledge; on the other hand, it also shows that due to the material conditions and cognitive level at that time, the ancients failed to correctly understand and rationally explain the origin of mankind. And these myths and legends also help us understand that era.

Discussion: What are the current scientific research results?

Scientific conclusions on the origin of human beings: ① French Lamarck pointed out that humans are derived from apes. ② British Darwin: pointed out in "The Origin of Species" that humans evolved from ancient apes.

The course of human evolution:

Ramapithecus (14 million-7 million);

Australopithecus (4 million - 1 million) - the known direct ancestor of humans;

Homo erectus (2 million-200,000);

Early Homo sapiens (250,000-40,000);

Late Homo sapiens (50,000 modern humans - present day)

Explore

Discuss what difficulties humans had to overcome in their formation?

Some come from nature, such as glaciers, cold currents, floods, and droughts, which will make their food and shelter unable to be guaranteed, as well as threats from wild beasts; some come from humans themselves, such as problems with their own evolution, how to obtain food and keep warm. , inventing tools, using fire, etc. In addition, due to mutual isolation and other reasons, the development of productivity has stagnated, which will also lead to difficulties in human life.

2. The three major human races in the world

Let’s talk about it:

Which race do they belong to?

How do you tell the difference?

Skin color, hair color, hair shape, eyes, body shape, body shape, etc.

race classification

(1) The earliest: Swedish scientist Linnaeus in the 18th century, four major races: Asian yellow race, European white race, African black race, and American red race.

(2) The rule of thirds and the rule of four used today:

Mongoloid: Yellow or Asiatic

Caucasian race: Caucasian or European race

Negro race: black race or equatorial race - divided into Australian race (brown race)

3. Clan Society

Discuss

1. What are the main production tools used by primitive societies?

2. What is the basic organization of production and life in primitive society?

3. Human society first experienced the ____ clan, and then the ____ clan.

Take a look, think about it, talk about it

In ancient Greek myths about the origin of the universe, there is Gaia, the earth goddess who was the first to separate from chaos. According to legend, she gave birth to Ouranos (sky), Pontos (sea) and many other gods. She was the original creator of all things and was regarded as the ancestor of mankind and the mother goddess who cultivated plants and young children.

1. What historical facts does this myth reflect?

2. What are the characteristics of this kind of clan? What do you know?

collaborative inquiry

What is the reason why patrilineal clan society replaced matrilineal clan society?

With the continuous innovation of production tools, the development of productivity and the expansion of social division of labor, physically strong men took on heavy physical labor such as hunting, driving animals to plow, digging holes and building houses. It also played a role in the increasingly frequent clan wars. Men gradually replaced women's dominant position in production and life.

The replacement of matrilineal clan society by patriarchal clan society is a historical progress. Although there is no distinction between rich and poor in the matrilineal clan commune, it is based on low productivity and no surplus of life products. At that time, people's living standards were extremely low, their quality of life was very poor, and their cultural development was extremely slow. Therefore, it was social progress for the patriarchal clan to replace the maternal clan.

Why did primitive society disintegrate?

①The productivity level is extremely low. ②Everyone is equal, without oppression or exploitation. However, this kind of equality in primitive society was based on extremely low productivity. As human society developed into the late patriarchal clan society, the differentiation between rich and poor appeared within the clan, and private ownership and classes emerged. This heralded the prehistoric era of human beings without writing. Nearing the end, primitive society is about to end, and mankind is about to enter the civilized era. The first class society that mankind has experienced is-----slave society.

After class interest discussion:

1. Will today’s apes become new humans in the distant future?

2. Track and field sports are the best expression of human physical ability. In the international sports world, white people are tall and strong; black people have flexible limbs and strong explosive power; while yellow people have poor performance and are at a disadvantage. Does this depend on innate factors?

3. Nowadays, women constitute a minority in high-tech industries and governments at all levels. How will gender equality be reflected in the new era?

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Human Origins and Ancient Civilizations of Humans in Prehistoric Periods", please click the Human Origins and Ancient Civilizations ppt tag of Humans in Prehistoric Periods.

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Update Time: 2024-10-18

This template belongs to History courseware East China Normal University Edition Ninth Grade History Volume 1 industry PPT template

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