"Human Immunity" PPT download

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"Human Immunity" PPT download

Part One: New Course Knowledge Points

Knowledge point 1: Human immunity includes non-specific immunity and specific immunity

1. Non-specific immunity

(1) Concept and characteristics

Non-specific immunity is innate and works on a variety of pathogens, rather than on a specific pathogen, and its effect is not specific.

(2)Example

①The skin and mucous membranes can block the invasion of various pathogens, and their secretions also have a bactericidal effect; the cilia on the respiratory mucosa can clean up foreign matter.

② There are bactericidal substances and phagocytes in human body fluids. For example, lysozyme can destroy the cell walls of many kinds of bacteria, dissolve the bacteria, and also inactivate viruses. It has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and other effects; phagocytes can engulf and destroy the bacteria that invade the human body.

2. Specific immunity

(1) Concept

The body's immunity is established after birth and only works against a specific pathogen or foreign body.

(2)Features

It is specific; it works against specific pathogens or foreign bodies; it is formed after acquired exposure to pathogens and cannot be inherited.

(3)Process of action

(4)Antigens and antibodies

①Concept

When a pathogen invades the human body, it stimulates lymphocytes, which can produce a special protein called an antibody that resists the pathogen. Substances (such as pathogens and other foreign substances) that cause the human body to produce antibodies are called antigens.

②Features

The binding of antibodies to antigens is specific. The combination of antibodies and antigens can promote phagocytosis by phagocytes and eliminate the antigen; or make the pathogen lose its pathogenicity. When the antigen is cleared, the body will retain the ability to produce corresponding antibodies. When the same antigen invades the human body again, the body will quickly produce a large number of corresponding antibodies and then eliminate the antigen in the same way.

Special reminder: Non-specific immunity is the basis of specific immunity, and the immune substances produced by specific immunity can enhance the effect of non-specific immunity.

3. Common points between non-specific immunity and specific immunity

What non-specific immunity and specific immunity have in common is to exclude and destroy pathogenic microorganisms that invade the human body and maintain human health.

4.Immune

Immunity is a defensive function in the human body. The human body relies on this function to identify "self" and "non-self" components, thereby destroying and rejecting foreign invading substances entering the human body, as well as damaged cells and tumor cells produced by the human body itself. , to maintain the balance and stability of the human body's internal environment.

Knowledge point 2: Planned immunization can enhance human immunity

Planned immunization is a planned vaccination program among susceptible groups based on national requirements for the elimination of infectious diseases. Implementing planned immunization can effectively enhance the body's immunity.

Special reminder: From the analysis of immune types, planned immunity belongs to specific immunity.

Human immunity PPT, part 2 content: test points for this lesson

Test points: Material analysis questions on infectious disease prevention and immunization

[Example questions] (2016 Guangxi Yulin High School Entrance Examination) Apply knowledge to solve problems.

(1) Preview thinking

Material 1: In 2016, a problematic vaccine incident occurred in Shandong Province. The vaccine in question is directly introduced into the market without refrigeration storage, while general vaccines must be stored in a constant temperature environment of 2 to 8°C. Whether it is high temperature or freezing, or even long-term exposure to light, it may affect the effectiveness of the vaccine and even cause The vaccine is inactivated and ineffective. The primary risk of inoculating vaccines that have not been stored and transported in the cold chain at 2 to 8°C is ineffective immunity. The vaccines involved this time include Category II vaccines used to prevent polio, mumps, etc., and a total of 25 kinds of biological products.

Material 2 Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 9, 2016. The National Health and Family Planning Commission reported on the 9th that an imported case of Zika virus infection was confirmed in my country. The bite of the virus-carrying Aedes mosquito is the main transmission route of Zika virus. Transmitted from mother to child, including intrauterine infection and infection during delivery.

(2) Asking questions and solving doubts

(1) Question: Vaccine is a biological product. What is it made of?

Answer: Vaccines are usually biological products made from inactivated or attenuated ________.

(2) Question: Under normal circumstances, after vaccination, the human body will develop the ability to resist the corresponding pathogens. What does a vaccine equate to from an immune perspective?

Answer: From an immune perspective, vaccination is equivalent to ________.

(3) Question: What is the purpose of vaccinating infants and young children with various vaccines?

Answer: The purpose is ________, which can better prevent corresponding infectious diseases.

A. Control the source of infection B. Protect susceptible groups

C. Cut off the transmission route D. Strengthen nutrition

(4) Question: Experts point out that there is currently no vaccine against the Zika virus infectious disease. Therefore, the best way to deal with the Zika virus infectious disease is prevention. Eliminating mosquitoes and clearing stagnant water around the living environment can effectively prevent the Zika virus. Infection, what kind of measure is this to prevent infectious diseases?

Answer: It belongs to ________.

(3) Simple and new

(5) In order to improve the health of teenagers, what should we do in daily life? (Please name one measure)__________.

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"Human Immunity" PPT teaching courseware:

"Human Immunity" PPT teaching courseware Part One: Introduction of new lessons There are many pathogens in the natural environment where people live. Once these pathogens invade the human body, they may cause diseases and damage people's health. Why can people survive in an environment where a large number of pathogens exist...

"Human Immunity" PPT courseware download:

"Human Immunity" PPT courseware download Part One: Situation Introduction There are many pathogens in the natural environment where people live. Once these pathogens invade the human body, they may cause diseases and damage people's health. Why can people survive in an environment where a large number of pathogens exist...

"Human Immunity" PPT courseware:

"Human Immunity" PPT courseware Part 1: Teaching objectives: Master the knowledge of the three lines of defense of the human body to defend itself. Understand the concept and function of immunity, and distinguish between non-specific immunity and specific immunity of the human body. Explain the meaning of planned immunization... ... ... people...

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Update Time: 2024-11-29

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