"Humanity Enters the Electric Age" The World in the Era of Monopoly Capitalism PPT Courseware 2

Description

"Humanity Enters the Electric Age" The World in the Era of Monopoly Capitalism PPT Courseware 2

learning target

1. List the historical facts of the widespread use of electricity and understand the characteristics of the second industrial revolution.

2. Know the invention activities of Benz and the Wright brothers, and understand the impact of the invention of automobiles and airplanes on the development of human society.

3. Tell the story of Edison’s invention of electrical appliances, and understand the important role that the widespread use of electrical appliances plays in improving the quality of life in human society.

first industrial revolution

Political premise: the establishment of British bourgeois rule

1. Start time: 1860s

2. The beginning sign: the advent of "Spinning Jenny"

3.Representing country: United Kingdom

4. Representative figures: Watt, Fulton, Stephenson

5. Major inventions: steam engines, steamships, trains, etc.

6. Impact on mankind: Humanity enters the "steam age"

Now that the first industrial revolution is replaced by the second industrial revolution, how should we answer these questions?

second industrial revolution

1. Political premise: The capitalist system is established worldwide

2. Start time: 1870s

3. The beginning sign: the widespread application of electricity

(Impact: Electricity became the main driving force for factory machines, and human history entered the "Electrical Age"; electricity was widely used in daily life, greatly improving people's production and life.)

4. Representative countries: United States, Germany

5. Major inventions:

(1) Electrical appliances: Edison (USA) successfully developed a durable carbon filament light bulb in 1879 and was known as the "King of Inventions";

(2) Internal combustion engine: In the 1880s, the German Karl Benz;

(3) Car: 1885, Carl Benz;

【Influence:

Positive: The use of automobiles has enhanced people's production capacity, changed people's lifestyles, expanded people's scope of activities, and strengthened communication between people.

Negative: brings air pollution, traffic congestion, traffic accidents, etc.

Enlightenment: While developing the automobile industry, we should try to reduce and eliminate the negative consequences it brings, make rational use of new scientific and technological achievements, and seek advantages and avoid disadvantages. 】

Material 1: With the widespread application of electricity, cities have become more prosperous. Electric lights make the city's nights as bright as day, trams provide more convenient travel services for city residents, and elevators make skyscrapers build higher and higher. Electricity has also entered thousands of households, and telephones have made people who are thousands of miles away feel as if they are close at hand. The use of refrigerators, washing machines, electric irons, and vacuum cleaners has greatly reduced the heavy housework. Movies and TV have enriched people's spare time life...

1. It improves human production and living conditions, closes connections with all parts of the world, and promotes social progress.

Material 2: In the last 30 years of the 19th century, the economies of the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Japan experienced rapid development, and the world's total industrial output more than tripled. From 1870 to 1913, world trade more than tripled.

Material 3: "Bar Chart of Gross Industrial Production of the World's Major Capitalist Countries from 1870 to 1910"

2. Science and technology are widely used in industrial production and promote the development of industry.

Material 4: In 1901, the first “billion-dollar company” appeared in the United States—U.S. Steel Company. Large steel plants in the United States, Germany and other countries generally employ thousands or even more than 10,000 workers. Mobil Oil Company has departments that produce and operate almost all petroleum products from oil extraction and refining to transportation and sales. The oil it produces once accounted for more than 90% of the US market, monopolizing the US oil and petroleum products market.

3. The major capitalist countries began to transition from the liberal capitalism to the imperialist stage.

4. Humanity has entered the "electrical age" from the "steam age".

Compared with the first industrial revolution, what new features does the second industrial revolution have?

1. The close integration of science and technology and industrial production has promoted the second industrial revolution to achieve great results;

2. It happened in several advanced capitalist countries at the same time;

3. The two industrial revolutions in emerging capitalist countries overlapped. (Russia, Japan, Germany)

Expand your thinking

The impact of the two industrial revolutions on China

After the first industrial revolution, European and American powers launched two Opium Wars, which turned China into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Modern industry emerged, and the Chinese began to learn advanced science and technology from the West.

After the second industrial revolution, the imperialist powers launched a series of wars of aggression against China and set off a frenzy to carve up China. China was completely reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. China's national capitalism developed and the Chinese people's national salvation movement surged.

1. In the second half of the 19th century, the major Western capitalist countries began a new technological revolution. This revolution was ( )

A. A revolution centered on steam

B． A revolution centered on electricity

C. A revolution with nuclear energy at its core

D． A revolution centered on the internal combustion engine

2. After the death of a great inventor, the president of a country proposed that all lights across the country be turned off simultaneously for a minute as a sign of mourning. This inventor is ( )

A. Karl Benz b. Faraday

C. Siemens d. Edison

3. "We live in an era full of miracles. Cars do not need horses, and news spreads around the world in an instant through wires that circle the earth..." Such a life should first appear in ( )

A. Renaissance period b. industrial revolution period

C. The second industrial revolution period D. The third technological revolution

4. The decades after the 1870s were an era for the United States to be brave in innovation and an era when it began to take off. The following embodies the United States’ “brave innovation” in the second industrial revolution: ( )

A. The invention of the steam locomotive b. manufacture of steamships

C. Successful test flight of the aircraft D. The advent of the automobile

Read the following material and answer questions

Material 1: The market is expanding, demand is increasing, and even factories and handicrafts can no longer meet the needs. Therefore, steam machines caused the first industrial revolution.

Material 2: After 1870, the second industrial revolution promoted the rapid development of science and technology. Various new technologies and new inventions emerged in an endless stream, especially the invention of electricity, which was quickly applied to industrial production and greatly promoted the development of industry.

Material three:

Please answer:

(1) Based on material 1, answer the question "Who improved the steam machine"? What era has it brought mankind into? In what sector was this machine first used?

(2) Answer based on material 2: What era did the second industrial revolution bring mankind into? Who is the American inventor known as the King of Inventions? Please list the new communication tools that emerged during this period?

(3) Material 3 is the invention of several scientists. Please name its inventors respectively.

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Update Time: 2024-10-20

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