"History and Traditions" SectionⅣ PPT courseware

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"History and Traditions" SectionⅣ PPT courseware

Past participle as attributive and object complement

Overall breakthrough in grammar

1. Past participle as attributive

1. The meaning of the past participle as an attributive

Usually the past participle of a transitive verb is used as an attributive to emphasize the passive, perfect or only passive; the past participle of an intransitive verb is used as an attributive and only expresses completion.

Her daughter brought up by me has begun to work.

Her daughter, whom I raised, has started working. (transitive verb phrase; passive, perfect)

The wind swept the fallen leaves. The wind swept away the fallen leaves. (intransitive verb; perfect)

2. The position of the past participle as an attributive

(1) When a single past participle is used as an attributive, it is often placed in front of the word it modifies; when a past participle phrase is used as an attributive, it is often placed after the word it is modified. At this time, it is equivalent to an attributive clause.

(2) If the modified word is a compound pronoun or demonstrative pronoun those composed of every/some/any/no and thing/body/one, the single participle is placed after the modified word.

He told me that this was the wounded soldier. He told me that this was the wounded soldier.

Near the window is a bookshelf filled with books (=which is filled with books).

There is a bookshelf full of books near the window.

There has been nothing changed in London since I left it two years ago.

London hasn't changed much since I left it two years ago.

[Famous Teacher Reminder]

(1) Some past participles, such as left (remaining), concerned (related), etc., are used to be used as postpositional attributives.

the room leftthe people concerned

(2) The past participle of some intransitive verbs cannot be used as a prepositional attributive alone, but it can be combined with some adverbs to form a compound adjective as a prepositional attributive.

well-behaved children well-behaved children

a widely-traveled businessman a widely traveled businessman

newly-arrived visitors newly arrived visitors

2. Past participle as object complement

1. The relationship between past participle and object

When the past participle of a transitive verb is used as an object complement, it usually has a passive relationship with the object; when the past participle of a few intransitive verbs (such as fall, go, change, etc.) is used as an object complement, it only expresses the completion of the action; seat, hide, When the past participle of dress, etc. is used as an object complement, it generally indicates the state of the object and does not indicate passivity or completion.

I had my watch repaired. I had my watch repaired.

When she woke up, she found the world changed.

When she woke up, she found that the world had changed.

When I came in, I found the boy hidden behind the door.

When I came in I found this boy hiding behind the door.

2. Five situations in which the past participle is used as an object complement

(1) The past participle is used after the state verbs keep, leave, etc. to form the form of "keep/leave+n./pron.+past participle".

With English words getting popular, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: “For” and “Against”. This divided the public into two opposing groups: those who supported it and those who opposed it.

(2) Used after a verb expressing the meaning of "causing" to form the form of "have/get/make+n./pron.+past participle".

They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.

They were going to have the foyer painted white. (Meaning "to cause something to be done by someone else.")

He is trying to make himself understood. He is trying to make himself understood.

(3) Used after sensory verbs or verbs expressing mental states. For example: see, watch, observe, find, hear, feel, notice, etc., forming the form of "see/watch...+n./pron.+past participle".

She felt a great weight taken off her mind. She felt much lighter.

The next morning people found the outside world completely changed.

The next morning, people found that the outside world had completely changed.

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Update Time: 2024-09-09

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