High School English Compulsory Course 1, Foreign Language Research Edition

《Friends forever》Section ⅡPPT

Part One: In-depth Grammar Lectures and Analysis of Difficulties

[Guide to new knowledge]

Read the following examples and perceive the commonality of the underlined parts

1. There were deep cracks that/which appeared in the well walls.

2. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.

3． The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.

4. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.

5. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.

6. A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.

7. The boy whose father is a teacher is a new classmate of mine.

8. China is a country that/which has a long history.

[Commonality presentation]

1. The attributive clauses in sentences 2, 3, and 4 use the relative pronoun who, which serves as the subject in the attributive clause.

2. The attributive clauses in sentences 1 and 8 use the relative pronoun which/that, which serves as the subject in the attributive clause.

3． The attributive clause in sentence 6 uses the relative pronoun whom, which serves as the object in the attributive clause.

The relative pronouns who/whom are often used to refer to people; the relative pronouns that/which are often used to refer to things; the relative pronouns that can refer to both people and things.

4. The relative pronoun "whose" is used in the attributive clauses in sentences 5 and 7. It is used as an attributive in the attributive clause. It can refer to both people and things.

[Grammar explained]

Attributive clauses introduced by who (whom), which, that, whose

In a compound sentence, a clause that modifies a noun, pronoun, or the entire main clause is called an attributive clause.

The noun or pronoun modified by the clause is called the antecedent, and the word that connects the antecedent and the attributive clause is called a relative word. The main function of relative words is to connect the main clause and the subordinate clause, refer to the antecedent, and serve as certain sentence components in the subordinate clause. Relative words are divided into relative pronouns and relative adverbs. Relative pronouns include that, which, who, who, whose, etc.; relative adverbs include when, where, and why.

1. Basic usage of relative pronouns

1. Who refers to people and can be used as the subject or object in a clause. It can be omitted when used as the object.

The man who is talking with my father is a teacher.

The man who was talking to my father was a teacher.

The girl (who) I met yesterday is his sister.

The girl I saw yesterday is his sister.

2. "Who" refers to a person and serves as the object in a clause. It can often be omitted but cannot be used as the subject.

The boy (whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.

The boy whom the teacher always praises is their monitor.

Note: (1) The relative pronoun whom is often replaced by who in spoken or informal writing.

The boy(who/whom/that) we saw yesterday is John's brother.

The boy we saw yesterday is John's brother.

Friends foreverPPT, the second part of the content: Class meeting standards·Self-test in class

Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks in single sentence grammar

1. He is the boy______father is a professor.

2. This dictionary is the second one______I bought in the bookstore.

3． This is the girl______he works with in the office.

4. His parents wouldn't marry her to anyone______family was poor.

5. They talked about their classmates and things______they still remembered in middle school.

6. Finally the thief handed in everything______ he had stolen to the police.

7. Anyone______has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.

8. The first thing______he did after arriving home was doing his homework.

9. The number of people______come to visit this city each year reaches one million.

10. This is the room______my grandma used to live in.

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