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"Heat Engine" Utilization of Internal Energy PPT
Part One Content: Basic Knowledge Key Points
Knowledge point 1 Heat engine
1. As shown in the picture, put some water in the test tube, plug the mouth of the test tube with a rubber stopper, and heat the water with an alcohol lamp. After a period of time, observe that the rubber stopper is suddenly pushed out. This shows that the water vapor in the test tube does work on the rubber stopper, and the internal energy of the water vapor is converted into the mechanical energy of the rubber stopper. This experiment demonstrates the basic working principle of a steam engine.
2. The energy flow diagram of a certain machine is as shown in the figure. Based on this, it is speculated that the machine may be (A)
A. Heat engine B. Electric motor
C.Generator D.Electric water heater
Knowledge point 2 Gasoline engine
3. The figure is a schematic diagram of the two strokes during the working process of the internal combustion engine. It can be seen from the figure (B)
A.A is the exhaust stroke, B is the power stroke
B. A is the suction stroke, B is the compression stroke
C.A is the compression stroke, B is the exhaust stroke
D. A is the power stroke, B is the suction stroke
4. (Qiannan Prefecture High School Entrance Examination) The picture shows the gasoline engine when it is working (C)
A. Suction stroke B. Compression stroke
C.Power stroke D.Exhaust stroke
Knowledge point 3 Diesel engine
5. During the compression stroke of the diesel engine, the changes in temperature, pressure, and volume of the air in the cylinder are (C)
A. Temperature increases, pressure decreases, and volume increases
B. Temperature decreases, pressure decreases, and volume decreases
C. Temperature increases, pressure increases, and volume decreases
D. Temperature decreases, pressure decreases, and volume increases
6. Regarding heat engines, which of the following statements is correct (D)
A. There is a fuel injector on the top of the gasoline engine and a spark plug on the top of the diesel engine.
B. During the suction stroke of the diesel engine, the mixed gas of diesel and air is sucked into the cylinder.
C. During the power stroke of the gasoline engine, the intake valve is closed and the exhaust valve is opened.
D. The ignition method of diesel engine is compression ignition
Heat engine PPT, part 2: improvement of comprehensive capabilities
7. (Anshan High School Entrance Examination) What is shown in the figure is the compression stroke of the working process of a four-stroke gasoline engine. In this stroke, the piston moves upward, and this stroke converts mechanical energy into internal energy.
8. The figure shows the four strokes of a working cycle of a gasoline engine. Figure C is the stroke that converts internal energy into mechanical energy. There is a four-stroke gasoline engine. If the gasoline engine does work 30 times per second, the speed of the flywheel is 3600 r/min.
9. The speed of a diesel engine flywheel is 2400 r/min, then the number of strokes completed per second is (B)
A.100 pieces B.80 pieces
C.60 pieces D.40 pieces
10. Internal combustion engines are increasingly used in our lives. Internal combustion engines are mainly divided into gasoline engines and diesel engines. Regarding gasoline engines and diesel engines, the following statement is correct (C)
A. During the suction stroke, the gasoline engine inhales only air
B. Gasoline engines and diesel engines are identical in structure except for the different fuels they use.
C. A working cycle of a gasoline engine and a diesel engine only does one work to the outside world, and the piston reciprocates twice.
D. Both gasoline engines and diesel engines convert mechanical energy into internal energy during the power stroke.
11. A flywheel with a large mass is installed on the diesel engine for the purpose of (D)
A. Make the appearance of the entire machine coordinated and beautiful
B. Save fuel
C. Output more work
D. Use the inertia of the flywheel to complete the three auxiliary strokes of suction, compression and exhaust.
12. The picture shows the working diagram of a four-stroke gasoline engine. The following statement is correct (B)
A. The direction of piston movement in strokes B and D is the same.
B. There is a process of converting chemical energy into internal energy in the C-stroke.
C. The B stroke enables the car to gain power
D. Strokes A, B, and C are completed by inertia
Heat engine PPT, the third part: expansion, exploration and breakthrough
15. Figure 1 shows the working principle of a four-cylinder engine: the internal combustion engine connects the pistons of the four cylinders to a crankshaft through connecting rods, and staggers the power process of each cylinder. In each half cycle of the flywheel rotation, there is a The cylinder is doing work, and the other three cylinders are doing suction, compression and exhaust work respectively.
(1) During the power stroke of the engine, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas pushes the piston downward to perform external work and at the same time convert internal energy into mechanical energy;
(2) There is a four-cylinder engine, and its main technical indicators are as shown in the table. The displacement is equal to the sum of the working volumes of the four cylinders. The cylinder working volume refers to the volume swept by the piston from top dead center to bottom dead center. It is also called single-cylinder displacement. It depends on the area of the piston and the distance the piston moves up and down. (i.e. long stroke). RPM represents the number of revolutions of the crankshaft or flywheel per minute.
Displacement 2.0 L
Output power 120 kW
Rotation speed 6000 r/min
①The engine does 1.2×105J in 1 s, and the single-cylinder displacement V=0.5L;
②In each power stroke, the engine does W=600J;
(3) During the power stroke, the work done by the gas on the piston can be expressed as W=pV. In the formula, p represents the pressure of the gas on the piston, then p=1.2×106Pa (1 L=10-3 m3);
(4) Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the engine during the power stroke. The proof of the formula W=pV is given below. Please complete the derivation process (each expression is required to be expressed in S, l or p): Suppose the area of the piston is S, the stroke length is l, and the pressure of the gas on the piston is p, then the pressure of the gas on the piston F = pS, and the work done by the gas on the piston W = pSl. According to mathematical knowledge, the single cylinder displacement of the engine is V = Sl, so W = pV.
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