"Heat Engine Efficiency and Environmental Protection" Internal Energy and Heat Engine PPT Courseware 2

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"Heat Engine Efficiency and Environmental Protection" Internal Energy and Heat Engine PPT Courseware 2

1. Calorific value of fuel

1. Definition: People call the energy (heat) released by 1 kg of a certain fuel _______ the calorific value of the fuel.

2. Unit: _______, the symbol is _______, and the calorific value unit of gaseous fuel is _______.

3.Formula:_______.

4. Essence: During the complete combustion of fuel, the _______ stored in the fuel is converted into _______.

5. The calorific value of fuel is a property of fuel. The calorific value of the same type of fuel is the same, regardless of the quality, shape and amount of heat released by the fuel.

2. Heat engine efficiency

1. Definition: The ratio of the energy converted by a heat engine into _______ and the energy released by complete combustion of the fuel.

2. Energy flow diagram of internal combustion engine

3. Ways to improve the efficiency of heat engines: The main way is to reduce various _______ in the work of heat engines. The first is to reduce _______ in the combustion process; the second is to simplify _______ as much as possible and use excellent _______ to reduce _______ to reduce _______.

3. Environmental protection

1. Environmental pollution caused by heat engines: Harmful gases will be produced during the combustion of fuel, and incomplete combustion of fuel will also produce a large amount of dust, which will pollute the atmosphere, endanger human health, and affect the normal growth of plants.

2. Measures to reduce environmental pollution: improve combustion efficiency, reduce harmful gas emissions, use less polluting gaseous fuel, install smoke and dust removal devices, etc.

1. Calorific value of fuel

(1) The calorific value of fuel is a physical quantity that reflects the ability of the fuel to release energy when burned.

(2) The calorific value of fuel depends on the type of fuel. For a certain fuel, the calorific value is a certain value.

(3) The heat released when the fuel is completely burned can be calculated using the formula Q = mq. Among them, the unit of calorific value q is J/kg, the unit of fuel mass m is kg, and the unit of heat Q released is J.

(4) The heat calculated based on the calorific value of the fuel is more than the heat actually released by the fuel, because the fuel cannot achieve the ideal situation of "complete combustion" during the actual combustion process.

[Example 1] Regarding the calorific value of fuel, which of the following statements is correct ()

A. The calorific value of fuel is related to the type of fuel and has nothing to do with the quality and combustion conditions of the fuel.

B. The heat released by burning 1 kilogram of a certain fuel is called the calorific value of the fuel.

C. When the fuel is burned, the greater the mass, the greater the calorific value.

D. The calorific value of incomplete combustion of fuel is smaller than that of complete combustion.

Tip: The calorific value of fuel depends on the chemical composition of the fuel itself. Each fuel has its own calorific value. It is a physical quantity that reflects the characteristics of the fuel itself. It has nothing to do with the quality of the fuel, the combustion situation of the fuel, etc., but is only related to the type of fuel.

Analysis: The calorific value of fuel is a property of the fuel itself. It has nothing to do with whether the fuel is burned, whether it is completely burned, the quality of the fuel, etc., but is only related to the type of fuel. Therefore, A is correct, and C and D are wrong; the definition of calorific value is The heat (calorific value) released when 1 kg of a certain fuel is completely burned, so B is wrong.

Knowledge point 1: Calorific value

1. The launch vehicle uses liquid hydrogen as fuel because liquid hydrogen has ()

A. Larger specific heat capacity B. Lower boiling point

C. Larger calorific value D. Higher freezing point

2. Regarding the calorific value of fuel, which of the following statements is correct ()

A. The calorific value of fuel has nothing to do with the combustion conditions of the fuel.

B. Fuel that burns easily must have a high calorific value

C. The calorific value of fuel is related to the quality of the fuel

D. In order to improve the utilization rate of fuel in heat engines, fuel with high calorific value must be used

3.3.0×107 J/kg and 2.4×103 J/(kg·℃) are two physical quantities that represent the characteristics of alcohol. They represent the ______ and ______ of alcohol in turn.

4. There is a box of charcoal with a mass of 10 kg and a calorific value of 3.4×107 J/kg. If half of the charcoal is used, the calorific value of the remaining charcoal is ______, and the maximum amount of heat released by burning half a box of charcoal is ______.

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For more information about the PPT courseware "Internal Energy and Heat Engines, Heat Engine Efficiency and Environmental Protection", please click the "Internal Energy and Heat Engines ppt Heat Engine Efficiency and Environmental Protection ppt" tag.

"Heat Engine Efficiency and Environmental Protection" Internal Energy and Heat Engine PPT Courseware:

"Heat Engine Efficiency and Environmental Protection" Internal Energy and Heat Engine PPT Courseware [Please tell me] What are the fuels commonly used in daily life? Common fuels include coal, petroleum (processed and refined into gasoline, kerosene, diesel and liquefied gas, etc.), natural gas, etc. In rural areas, vegetation, etc. are also used...

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

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