"Have the Chinese lost their self-confidence?" PPT courseware 8

"Have the Chinese lost their self-confidence?" PPT courseware 8

learning target

Knowledge and Ability Objectives: Experience sharp and pungent critical language.

Process and Method Objectives: Learn how to write refuting papers, and understand and master how to refute fallacies.

Emotions, Attitudes and Values ​​Goals: Carry forward the spirit of patriotism, enhance national democratic consciousness, and enhance national self-confidence and pride.

Learn important and difficult points

1. Understand Lu Xun’s sense of urgency and patriotism.

2. Understand the deeper meaning of important sentences.

3. Learn article writing skills.

About the Author

Lu Xun (1881-1936), whose original name was Zhou Shuren and whose courtesy name was Hencai, was from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. A great modern writer, thinker, and revolutionary. Lu Xun was the pen name he started using when writing for (New Youth) in 1918.

Novels: "Scream" and "Wandering"

Collection of essays: "Picking Up Flowers in the Morning and Evening"

Prose Poetry Collection: "Wild Grass"

Collection of essays: 16 works including "Two Hearts Collection" and "Just Collection". The first vernacular novel in the history of modern Chinese literature is "Diary of a Madman".

writing background

This article was written on September 25, 1934, exactly the third anniversary of the September 18th Incident. At that time, some people spread pessimistic arguments about the future of the war against Japan and accused the Chinese of losing their self-confidence. This would only undermine their fighting spirit and make them willing to become slaves to the country's subjugation. Lu Xun's article was written to refute this erroneous argument and to inspire the nation's self-confidence.

Text explanation

1. Since the author thinks that the other party’s point of view is wrong, why does he have to admit again and again that what the other party says is “fact”?

First of all, admit that what the other party said is the truth, but after analyzing the facts, you find that what the other party wants to say is not actually a matter of self-confidence. In this way, the other party's point of view no longer exists.

2. What method does the author use to refute the other party’s erroneous argument?

He used the method of refuting arguments, that is, pointing out that the other party's arguments cannot prove his point of view, and then making a positive argument: "There are Chinese people in China who have not lost their self-confidence."

Taste the language

1. Think about the first paragraph. Can the three adverbs "general", "only" and "blindly" interchange their positions? Why?

No, "general" makes people see the complacency of the Kuomintang government when it boasts about its "vast land and abundant resources" and the lack of confidence of those who boast about it. "Only" is the "persistence" when grasping at straws to save life, and "blindly" means that you are deeply trapped and unable to extricate yourself. They accurately describe the "facts" that the Kuomintang government is going further and further down the road of self-deception, which is extremely ironic.

2. Try to figure out the expression effect of the following punctuated words:

...but one side is always being destroyed and obliterated...that is simply slander.

"General" describes the darkness of society at that time, and indirectly praises the spirit of "China's backbone" who suffered setbacks and battles. "Simply" expresses the author's passion.

Class summary

Through the study of this class, we learned a writing method to refute thesis, and understood Lu Xun's explanation of "Chinese people's self-confidence". The "backbone of China" greatly boosted the morale of the Chinese people in the society at that time, and it still continues today. It has strong practical significance. At the same time, the use of language skills and satire in Lu Xun's essays also greatly enhanced the expressive effect of the article.

Discussion and practice answers

1. First question. To refute a misconception, students have been encountering it constantly in their lives since they were young, and they are constantly growing their abilities in this area. Students may not have written rebuttal papers, but oral practice will not be lacking. Therefore, we might as well ask students to think about how to refute the erroneous argument that "Chinese people have lost their self-confidence".

Second question. The author admits that the other party's argument is factual, but it can only refer to some people, not all Chinese people, so it cannot prove the argument. This is refuting an argument by refuting an argument. The author also puts forward a positive argument, pointing out that "we have Chinese people who have not lost their self-confidence", which directly refutes the erroneous argument that "the Chinese people have lost their self-confidence".

2. The meanings of "Chinese people" in the five sentences are, in order: referring to the Chinese people except a very small number of die-hards; referring to the broad masses of the people; referring to the reactionary rulers of the Kuomintang and their imperial literati; referring to all Chinese people; referring to the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang The author and his imperial literati.

"Number One Prime Minister" refers to the reactionary politicians of the Kuomintang and their imperial literati at that time.

"Underground" refers to the Communist Party of China and the revolutionary forces under its leadership that were still in a state of underground struggle at that time.

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