"Great Powers Struggle for Hegemony" Social Changes in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period PPT Courseware 3

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"Great Powers Struggle for Hegemony" Social Changes in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period PPT Courseware 3

Review the past and learn the new

In 770 BC, King Ping of Zhou moved his capital to Luoyi, marking the beginning of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

Self-learning

1. The Five Hegemons of Spring and Autumn Period

1. Eastern Zhou period: The Eastern Zhou period is roughly divided into two stages: ______ and ______.

2. The background of the emergence of the Five Hegemons in the Spring and Autumn Period: During the Spring and Autumn Period, ______ declined, and the Emperor Zhou gradually lost his ______ authority to command the world.

3. Purpose: To ______, obtain ______ from commanding the princes. There were many fierce battles between the princely states.

4. The Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period: ______, ______, ______, ______, ______.

(Another way of saying:______,______,______,______,______)

2. Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period

1. The Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period: ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, ______.

2. The demise of the Zhou Dynasty: In ______ AD, the country of ______ destroyed the Zhou Dynasty, and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty ended.

Why was Duke Huan of Qi able to dominate first?

Fundamental reasons: Guan Zhong’s reforms made the country rich and its army strong

The clever method of "respecting the king and rejecting the barbarians" won the hearts of the people

Natural conditions: rich resources and prosperous economy

Logo of Domination Kwai Kau Union

2. "Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period"

During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were more than 140 vassal states, large and small. After 300 years of annexation wars, especially during the Warring States Period (475 BC to 221 BC), all countries completely ignored the existence of the Zhou royal family and claimed that The king, trying to unify the world, gradually left only seven major kingdoms: Qin, Qi, Chu, Han, Zhao, Wei, and Yan, known in history as the "Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period".

think about it

What is the difference in appearance time between the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period and the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period?

Different: the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period appeared one after another, and the Seven Hegemons of the Warring States Period coexisted at the same time.

Ask the students to discuss, how should we evaluate the wars in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period?

Material 1 According to the book "Spring and Autumn", in the 242 years from 722 BC to 481 BC, various countries fought as many as 483 wars. When the Chu State attacked the Song State, the tragedy of "exchanging children and eating them" occurred in the capital. The wilderness was devastated and the people were displaced. During the battle between Jin and Chu, the Jin army was defeated and retreated to the west of the river. They killed each other and cut off their fingers into sticks in the boats, causing the river to change color.

Material 2: More than 100 small countries in the early Spring and Autumn Period gradually merged into more than 10 vassal states in the early Warring States Period. In the process of fighting for hegemony, some vassal states were eliminated and some countries with larger territories emerged. This accelerated the pace of Qin's unification. The Huaxia ethnic group had frequent exchanges with other ethnic groups, which promoted national integration.

The impact of the struggle for hegemony

① Bring disaster to the people (negative)

② Objectively conducive to national unification. (positive)

[Review the past and learn the new]

Why did the collapse of the feudal system in the Western Zhou Dynasty lead to the struggle for hegemony among great powers? Try to analyze what impact the struggle for hegemony has had?

(1) The disintegration of the feudal system essentially means the disintegration of the old ruling order. The status of the Zhou royal family declined, and the Emperor of Zhou only had the title of "co-lord of the world"; the power of the princes increased and they all competed for hegemony.

(2) The war for hegemony consumed a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, and brought disaster and suffering to the people, but objectively it also had certain positive significance for the unification of local areas, the integration of various ethnic groups, and social change.

Classroom test:

1. The first overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period was ( )

A Duke Huan of Qi B Duke Wen of Jin C King Zhuang of Chu D Duke Mu of Qin

2. The princes and kings who aspire to dominate the Central Plains are ( )

A Duke Huan of Qi B Duke Xiang of Song C Duke Mu of Qin D King Zhuang of Chu

3. The battle related to the idiom "to retreat" took place in ( )

A Between Qin and Zhao B Between Qin and Jin

C Between Wu and Yue D Between Jin and Chu

4. During the Spring and Autumn Period, it was "working hard to endure hardships", and the one who finally became the hegemon was ( )

A Duke Huan of Qi B Duke Wen of Jin C King Zhuang of Chu D Gou Jian, King of Yue

5. Which of the following countries belong to both the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Seven Hegemons of the Warring States Period? ( )

A Qi State, Qin State B Qi State, Chu State

C Song, Jin D Korea, Wei

6. Among the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period, the southernmost country is: ( )

A Chu State B Yan State C Qin State D Qi State

7. The famous battles that took place during the Warring States Period include ( )

A The Battle of Zhuolu and the Battle of Makino B The Battle of Makino and the Battle of Chengpu

C Battle of Chengpu and Battle of Changping D Battle of Maling and Battle of Changping

What are the characteristics of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period?

Social themes: turbulence, change, and struggle for hegemony.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, when great powers fought for hegemony, they used force to coerce smaller countries into recognizing their leadership;

During the Warring States Period, annexation was the political process of enriching the country and strengthening its military, eating the other side, and then unifying China.

The "Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period" refers to the five princes and kings who successively dominated the early Autumn period;

The "Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period" refer to the seven vassal states that competed for supremacy during the Warring States Period.

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Update Time: 2024-10-28

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