"Genetic Diseases and Human Health" PPT courseware

"Genetic Diseases and Human Health" PPT courseware

Part 1: Introduction to the problem

1. As we all know, human beings can be divided into white, yellow and black based on skin color characteristics. May I ask why different races have different skin colors?

Tip: Because the genetic composition of skin color is different in different races, that is to say, individuals with different genotypes have different phenotypes.

2. What is heritable variation? Please give an example.

Tip: Variations in traits that can be repeated in future generations are called heritable variations. Heritable variations are caused by changes in genetic material, that is, genetic composition. For example, if a couple with earlobes gives birth to a child without earlobes, this mutation is heritable.

3. If a in the picture above represents an albinism gene, then please think about it, is it possible for this couple to have an albino child? Will this disease be passed on to the next generation?

Genetic diseases and human health PPT, part 2: exploration of new knowledge

1. Definition of genetic diseases and common genetic diseases

Genetic diseases are diseases caused by changes in genetic material. The disease-causing genes can be passed on in the family through gametes, so there is often a certain incidence rate in the patient's family.

Common genetic diseases include color blindness, hemophilia, albinism, phenylketonuria, congenital stupidity, etc.

color blindness genetic disease

According to the survey, among the parents, grandfather, grandmother, maternal grandfather and maternal grandmother of a certain class of color-blind male students, except for the grandfather who is color-blind, all others have normal color vision. Therefore, the color-blindness gene of this male student comes from his maternal grandmother, because the color-blindness gene is located at X on chromosomes.

Color blindness is generally inherited and does not harm people's health, but it will cause inconvenience to life and work. For example, red-green color blindness cannot distinguish red and green colors. If you drive, the consequences can be imagined.

congenital malignant disease

The picture shows a patient with congenital malignant syndrome, which is the most common autosomal disease. It has been found that the main cause is an extra chromosome on chromosome 21, so it is also called trisomy 21. The incidence rate in the population is about 1/600 to 1/800, and the patients are born with mental retardation.

2. Genetic diseases are all around us

According to research, all of us are carriers of genetic disease genes, and each person may have 5 to 6 disease-causing genes in all genes.

Once the genetic information stored in one of the genes is expressed, the corresponding genetic disease will manifest.

Although some genetic disease genes are not expressed in carriers, they can be passed on to offspring through gametes.

The current status of genetic diseases in my country:

The proportion of patients with genetic diseases in my country’s total population: 20% to 25%;

About 1.3% of newborns have congenital genetic defects;

Among the deaths of children under the age of 15, 40% are caused by genetic diseases;

Among spontaneously aborted babies, more than 50% have genetic diseases;

There are more than 1 million people in my country suffering from trisomy 21;

Among the Chinese population, there are about 20 million people with mild mental retardation and about 2 million people with severe mental retardation (idiots).

Genetic diseases and human health PPT, Part 3: Class summary

1. Genetic diseases refer to diseases caused by changes in genetic material, and the disease-causing genes are passed on from generation to generation;

2. Genetic diseases are all around us and need to be actively prevented;

3. Genetic diseases endanger human health, reduce the quality of the population, and bring mental and economic burdens;

4. Consanguineous marriage greatly increases the incidence of genetic diseases, and consanguineous marriage must be prohibited;

5. Genetic counseling combined with prenatal diagnosis, selective abortion and other measures can reduce the incidence of genetic diseases.

Genetic diseases and human health PPT, Part 4: Classroom exercises

1. Decide whether the following questions are true or false:

(1) The reason why close relatives are more likely to suffer from genetic diseases is that close relatives may carry the same recessive disease-causing genes ( )

(2) If a genetic disease gene is not expressed in parents, it will not be passed on to offspring through gametes ( )

(3) All of us are carriers of genetic disease genes, and each person may have 5 to 6 disease-causing genes in all genes ( )

(4) All genetic diseases can show symptoms at birth ( )

(5) Genetic diseases are congenital diseases that cannot be cured by current medical standards ( )

2. Patients with congenital malignant syndrome are the most common autosomal diseases. It has been found that the main cause is an extra chromosome No. 21, so it is also called trisomy 21. The incidence rate in the population is about 1/600 to 1/800. Patients are born with mental retardation. Please ask:

(1) Are the parents of this patient normal?

(2) If the parents of this patient are normal, then what cells of the parents have abnormal changes in the genetic material?

(3) If these patients have children, will this disease be passed on to their offspring?

(4) What is the difference between this disease and infectious diseases?

Keywords: Beijing Normal University version of the eighth grade biology PPT courseware for the first volume free download, genetic disease and human health PPT download, .PPT format;

For more information about the PPT courseware "Heredity and Variation of Biology, Genetic Diseases and Human Health", please click the "Heredity and Variation of Biology, Genetic Diseases and Human Health" PPT courseware.

"Genetic Diseases and Human Health" PPT:

"Genetic Diseases and Human Health" PPT Part One Content: Genetic diseases are all around us. According to research, all of us are genetic disease gene carriers, and each person may have 5 to 6 disease-causing genes in all genes. The genetic information stored in one of the genes...