"Genes control the traits of organisms" PPT courseware on the inheritance and variation of organisms

"Genes control the traits of organisms" PPT courseware on the inheritance and variation of organisms

1. Characteristics of living things

Traits: In genetics, the morphological structure, physiological characteristics and behavioral patterns displayed by organisms are collectively referred to as traits.

It is not possible to know all of one's characteristics through naked eye observation or simple measurements. Because the naked eye can only observe certain morphological structures and behavioral characteristics, but cannot observe the physiological characteristics of living things. (such as human ABO blood type)

The same traits of the same species often have different manifestations.

Geneticists call the different expressions of the same trait of the same species relative traits.

Relative traits: Different expressions of the same trait in the same organism.

Observe the classmates around you:

(1) Do the ears have earlobes?

(2) Are the eyes single or double eyelids?

(3) Can the tongue be curled from both sides to the center?

(4) Can you bend your thumb dorsally?

discuss

1. Are a dog's long hair and a dog's curly hair relative traits? What about long hair for dogs and short hair for cats?

The long hair of a dog and the curly hair of a dog are not relative traits, and the long hair of a dog and the short hair of a cat are not relative traits.

Relative traits are different expressions of the same trait in the same organism.

2. After planting round pea seeds, will all the peas that grow be round?

Not necessarily. The traits of organisms are controlled by genetic material, but they are also affected by the living environment. Round peas may grow into wrinkled peas in barren land, and wrinkled peas can also grow under conditions of sufficient water and fertilizer. Come out with round peas.

3. If you have double eyelids, do your parents also have double eyelids? What about your parents' parents?

Not certainly.

discuss:

1. In this study, the trait being studied is _____________.

2. The gene that controls this trait is ________ ________.

3. The acquisition of transgenic super mice illustrates the relationship between traits and genes.

4． It can be deduced from this that in the process of biological transmission, what is passed on is __________________.

By transferring a gene from the same organism into the gene of another organism using biotechnological methods, the resulting genetically modified organism may exhibit the traits controlled by the transferred gene.

In addition to genetically modified mice, there are also genetically modified plants, genetically modified foods, and genetically modified drugs.

Class summary

1. Characteristics of living things

Traits: In genetics, the morphological structure, physiological characteristics and behavioral patterns displayed by organisms are collectively referred to as traits.

Relative traits: Different expressions of the same trait of the same species are called relative traits.

2. Gene controlled traits

Genes contain genetic information that controls biological traits and are found on DNA molecules in chromosomes.

Class exercises

1. In layman's terms, heredity refers to __________ and mutation refers to __________. Biological inheritance and variation are achieved through __________.

2. People's understanding of heredity and variation first began with __________. Any living organism has many __________. Some are __________, some are __________, some are __________, and so on. __________ of the same species often have different manifestations. Geneticists call the different manifestations of __________ as __________.

3. By transferring a gene from one organism into the __________ of another organism using biotechnological methods, the resulting genetically modified organism may exhibit the __________ controlled by the __________.

4． Which of the following are relative traits ( )

A. Yellow and wrinkled peas

B． Tomato red flowers and pea flowers

C. Rabbit’s white and long hair

D. Human double eyelids and single eyelids

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