"General Review of History Volume 1 for Seventh Grade" PPT Courseware 2

"General Review of History Volume 1 for Seventh Grade" PPT Courseware 2

Feudal society

Dynasties that once had Luoyang as their capital: Eastern Zhou, Eastern Han, Wei, Western Jin, Northern Wei

Dynasties that once made Nanjing their capital: Wu (Jianye), Eastern Jin (Jiankang)

Jiangnan Economic Development

reason

1. The Jiangnan region has superior conditions for developing agriculture.

2. Population migrated south, bringing labor and advanced technology.

3. There are fewer wars in Jiangnan and the society is relatively stable.

Performance

1. Many water conservancy projects were built. 2. Large areas of wasteland were reclaimed.

3. Rice planting area expanded. 4. Wheat cultivation is promoted to Jiangnan

effect

It promoted the development of the Jiangnan region and laid the foundation for the gradual southward shift of my country's economic center of gravity.

Reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty

1. Reform background: the unification of the north and the great integration of ethnic groups

Purpose: to learn the advanced culture of the Han nationality and consolidate rule.

2. Measures:

Moved the capital to Luoyang

Chineseization measures

3. Role: The reforms of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty promoted national integration

1. Life of Hemudu people

1. Location and era

About 7,000 years ago, Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province, Yangtze River Basin

2. Production and life characteristics:

1. Use ground stone tools; 2. Start planting rice; 3. Live in stilt houses and live a settled life; 4. Be able to dig wells; 5. Be able to make pottery, simple jade and primitive musical instruments.

2. Social conditions of Banpo people

1. Location and era

Shaanxi in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, about five to six thousand years ago

2. Production and life characteristics

1. Commonly used ground stone tools; 2. Started to plant millet; 3. Lived in semi-underground houses; 4. Raised pigs, dogs and other animals; 5. Be able to make painted pottery. 6. Can spin, weave, and make clothes.

1. Warring States Period

Time: 475 BC - 221 BC

The characteristics of the times are the period of great social changes in our country, with frequent mergers and wars.

Economically: The use (Spring and Autumn Period) and promotion (Warring States Period) of iron tools and cattle farming greatly developed productivity, which will inevitably affect the transformation of production relations.

Politically: Countries competed for reforms. After reforms, the feudal system was established.

Culturally: Various schools of thought have written books, expressed opinions, and debated with each other, forming a prosperous academic situation of "a hundred schools of thought contending."

merger war

The Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period: "Three Families Divided into Jin" (Han, Zhao, Wei) and the original Chu, Yan, Qin and Qi (Tian clan on behalf of Qi)

Famous battles: The Battle of Guiling (Qi besieged Wei and rescued Zhao) The Battle of Maling (Qi defeated Wei) The Battle of Changping (Zhao was defeated, and the six eastern countries were no longer able to resist the Qin army's attack)

2. Qin and Han Dynasties (1)

The demise of the Qin Dynasty

reason

1. Qin’s tyranny—the fundamental reasons;

2. Delay due to rain in Daze Township - direct reason.

go through

In 209 BC, a peasant uprising led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang broke out in Daze Township. Farmers from all over the country responded and established the Zhang Chu regime in Chen (Huaiyang, Henan), and Chen Sheng proclaimed himself king. Due to the strong strength of the Qin army, the uprising failed in less than a year

significance

It was the first large-scale peasant uprising in the history of our country. Their revolutionary initiative inspired millions of working people in later generations to rise up against brutal rule.

continue

Xiang Yu and Liu Bang became the leaders of the later rebellion. In 207 BC, Xiang Yu defeated the larger force with less and defeated the main force of the Qin army in Julu. In the same year, Liu Bang invaded Xianyang and destroyed the Qin Dynasty. (The cauldron and the boat, the three chapters of the agreement, Xiangzhuang's sword dance, are intended for Pei Gong)

Achievements in ancient Chinese thought (1)

Confucius

Life: A native of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period, the founder of Confucianism, a great thinker and educator.

Political views

1. Put forward the theory of "benevolence" and advocate that "the benevolent love others";

2. It is hoped that the rulers will understand the sentiments of the people, cherish the people's strength, and "govern with virtue."

education doctrine

When setting up private schools, we advocate teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, requiring students to be humble and eager to learn, and to review the past and learn the new.

Lao Tzu

Evaluation: A person from the Spring and Autumn Period, founder of the Taoist school, and a great thinker

Thought: Everything has its opposite, so we must be good at looking at problems from both sides.

Achievements in Ancient Chinese Thought (2)

"A hundred schools of thought contend"

Mozi: founder of the Mohist school of thought, "loving all, not attacking"; opposed wars of aggression and supported just wars.

Mencius: A representative figure of the Confucian school, he opposed all wars with "unrighteous wars in the Spring and Autumn Period"; governed the country with "benevolent government", frivolous corvee and low taxes; rational use of natural resources.

Zhuangzi: Representative of the Taoist school, let nature take its course and rule by doing nothing.

Han Fei: Representative of the Legalist school, advocated reform, opposed empty talk about benevolence and righteousness, and advocated the rule of law. His suggestion of centralizing power was appreciated by the king of Qin.

Sun Wu: The founder of the school of military strategism, "Sun Tzu's Art of War" is the world's earliest military book. "He who knows his enemy and himself can fight a hundred battles without danger."

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