"Fungi" Bacteria and Fungi PPT Courseware 8

"Fungi" Bacteria and Fungi PPT Courseware 8

Think about it, discuss it

Does the mushroom in the picture have roots, stems and leaves? Do they need light to grow? Why are they called fungi and not plants?

Mushrooms have no roots, stems or leaves and can be grown with or without light.

It cannot carry out photosynthesis and can only live on ready-made materials, so it is not a plant.

1. Various fungi

In addition to large fungi such as mushrooms and fungus, there are also some much smaller multicellular individuals (such as Penicillium) and single-celled individuals (such as yeast).

2. The structure of fungi

Watch for yeast and mold

Purpose requirements

Understand the morphological structure of yeast and mold.

Materials and tools

Yeast culture solution, Penicillium cultured in a petri dish, pipettes, tweezers, microscope, dissecting needle, slides, coverslips, magnifying glass, diluted iodine solution, absorbent paper.

Method steps

①Observe yeast

Take a drop of yeast culture solution, drop it on a glass slide, cover it with a cover slip, and observe it with a microscope. You will see oval cells with obvious vacuoles in the cells. This is yeast.

Put a drop of iodine solution on one side of the cover glass, use absorbent paper to absorb it from the other side, and stain the yeast. Under the microscope, you can see the colored nuclei and starch granules in the yeast cells. Some cells have protrusions of different sizes growing on them, indicating that the yeast is undergoing budding reproduction.

②Observe Penicillium

Take a piece of orange peel with Penicillium in it, put it on white paper, and observe it with a magnifying glass. You can see white hairs growing upright. This is the upright hyphae of Penicillium. There are strings on the top of the hyphae. green spores.

Use a dissecting needle to pick out a few spore-bearing hyphae, make a temporary mount, and observe under a microscope. Pay attention to the color of the hyphae, whether there is a broom-like structure at the top of the upright hyphae, and the state and color of the spores.

3. Reproduction of fungi

Reproduction method: sporulation

The spores are very light and can be blown away by the wind. When they fall to a place with suitable environment, the spores can germinate into hyphae, and each spore can develop into a new individual.

The body of mushrooms is also made up of mycelium. The underground part is slender mycelium, which can absorb moisture and organic matter from the outside; the above-ground part is called the fruiting body.

Making a spore print

1. Select a larger fresh mushroom and use dissecting scissors to remove the cap from the stem.

2. Place the gills side down on white paper and close the glass to prevent loose spores from being blown away by the wind.

3. The next day, when you remove the glass and caps, you can see radial spore prints consistent with the arrangement of the gills left on the white paper.

4． Spore prints are composed of spores scattered from the gills.

4. Main characteristics of fungi

(1) There is a real nucleus in the cell

(2) Able to produce spores, which can develop into new individuals

(3) There are no chloroplasts in the body, and the nutritional method is heterotrophic.

1. Decide whether the following statements are correct. Draw a "V" for the correct one and "X" for the incorrect one.

(1) Fungi can be unicellular or multicellular. ( )

(2) There are no chloroplasts in fungal cells. ( )

(3) Mushrooms, like mold, are also composed of a large number of mycelium. ( )

(4) Fungi such as molds and mushrooms are prokaryotes. ( )

2. The following describes some characteristics of bacteria and fungi. Please distinguish the characteristics of bacteria and fungi and fill in the serial number on the horizontal line.

①The individual is tiny and there is no formed nucleus in the cell;

②There are both tiny individual species and larger individual species, with formed nuclei in the cells;

③Can produce spores, and the spores can develop into new individuals;

④ Reproduce offspring through division.

Bacteria are characterized by _____ and fungi are characterized by _____.

3. In summer, damp food, clothing and leather shoes often become moldy and hairy. Where do these molds come from? Why does mold tend to grow on these items?

Answer: Mold reproduces by spores. The spores are very light and can float in the air. In summer, damp food, clothing or leather shoes provide the necessary environmental conditions and nutrients for the germination of spores, so mold is easy to grow.

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