"From Partial War of Resistance to All-out War of Resistance" PPT of the Chinese nation's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the People's War of Liberation

"From Partial War of Resistance to All-out War of Resistance" PPT of the Chinese nation's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the People's War of Liberation

Course standard requirements:

Understand the crime of Japanese militarism's invasion of China, and understand the formation and significance of the unity of the entire nation in the war of resistance.

On June 13, 1927, Tanaka urgently summoned the Minister to China, Yoshizawa Kenkichi, and the Consuls General in Shanghai, Tianjin, Shenyang and other places to return to China to study and solve "urgent matters." Finally, it was decided to convene a special meeting with the participation of major military and diplomatic leaders, which was later called the "Eastern Conference".

The current situation in China was discussed in detail at the meeting, and the cabinet once again made the decision to send troops to Jinan to intervene in the Northern Expedition, blatantly dividing the Chinese territory into "China mainland and Manchuria and Mongolia." Another product of the meeting was Tanaka's secret memorial to the Japanese Emperor's "The Empire's Positive Fundamental Policy towards Manchuria and Mongolia", which is the famous "Tanaka Memorial". The "Tanaka Memorial" includes 21 items and determines the strategy that "if you want to conquer China, you must conquer Manchuria and Mongolia first; if you want to conquer the world, you must conquer China first."

1: Premeditated, ambitious wolf——

Material 1: According to the legacy of Emperor Meiji, the first phase of conquering Taiwan and the second phase of conquering North Korea have all been realized, but the third phase of occupying Manchuria and Mongolia in order to conquer Chinese territory has not yet been realized. ”——Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka Yoshiichi secretly reported to the Emperor in 1927

Historical reasons: long-planned, established national policy

Material 2: "The empire is now experiencing acutely: insufficient productivity, insufficient production equipment, insufficient raw materials, and insufficient accumulated capital. All of these require the start of a new war to supplement them; and domestic instability is on the rise. , the fury of the strike also requires the launch of a national war at home and abroad in order to achieve peace." ——Extracted from a secret document in Japan in the 1930s.

Practical reasons: Escape from the impact of the economic crisis

Material 3: "There is no need to worry about foreign invaders. Internal bandits are actually a nuisance to our inner circle. If we do not eliminate internal bandits, we will never be able to resist foreign aggression." On May 8, 1933, Chiang Kai-shek delivered a long speech to all levels of anti-communist officers at the Chongren General Headquarters. The central meaning is: as long as the suppression of bandits is successful, we will have confidence in resisting foreign aggression. Japan's invasion was caused by the communist bandits. The more extraordinary the situation, the more cautious and resourceful we must be. ——Chiang Kai-shek’s lectures to the Kuomintang generals

Material 4: In 1931, Japan invaded Northeast China. Although the League of Nations sent a Lytton investigation team to investigate, it did not take severe sanctions against Japan.

Favorable opportunities: civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party; international appeasement policy

Thinking carefully——

In 1931, Japan's economic crisis reached its peak. ...In order to get rid of the serious political and economic crisis, the Japanese ruling clique stepped up preparations for the war of aggression against China in all aspects. ... Hirota Koki, who was completely obedient to the military, formed a cabinet and implemented comprehensive fascism. ——"High School History Teaching Reference" (Required Courses 1 and 2)

The continuation of the traditional "mainland policy"; the impact of the economic crisis, the development of capitalism in trouble, the establishment of Japan's fascist dictatorship, and the expansion of aggressive ambitions

In the early stage, passively resist the enemy——

After November 1931, Japan refused to return to the place before the incident as required by the League of Nations, and intended to seize Jinzhou. The Nanjing National Government had repeated negotiations with Zhang Xueliang for more than a month. Chiang Kai-shek stated that "Jinzhou's troops must not retreat at this time." Zhang Xueliang also said that "we must try our best to hold on to Jinzhou." He called Nanjing three times to ask for instructions on war and peace decisions and to seek assistance, but he never came. assistance. Rong Zhen, the general who defended Jinzhou, criticized even more harshly: "The central government did not allocate a cent of food or pay, nor fired a single shot or bullet. It only issued orders to resist the enemy. It was obviously intended to cause the Northeast Army to die in vain, so it put the Northeast Army to death."

National Government: Implement a policy of non-resistance.

There are three reasons: concentrating on encircling and suppressing the Red Army and base areas; fearing Japan; and placing hope on mediation by the League of Nations.

2: Crimes, too numerous to describe—

On October 4, 1938, Japan officially bombed the urban area of ​​Chongqing. Starting from January 1939, Japanese air strikes rapidly escalated, and the bombing of Chongqing became more and more violent. The Chongqing bombing was considered to be an event of the same nature as the Nanjing Massacre. According to incomplete statistics, Japanese aircraft raided Chongqing a total of 218 times, dispatched 9,513 aircraft, dropped 21,593 bombs, killed 11,889 citizens, injured 14,100 people, destroyed more than 30,000 houses, and 30 universities and middle schools were bombed.

According to the verification of the Nanjing Military Tribunal in February 1946, the Japanese army committed 28 collective massacres of 190,000 people and 858 scattered massacres of 150,000 people. The Japanese army carried out a massacre in Nanjing for six weeks. More than 300,000 Chinese soldiers and civilians were shot and buried alive. Every Japanese invader bears legal and moral responsibility.

The atrocities committed by the Japanese invasion of China:

1. Brutal military attacks, such as the five-and-a-half-year bombing of Chongqing;

2. Create massacres, such as the Nanjing Massacre (December 1937), etc.;

(In February 2014, China designated December 13 as the “National Memorial Day for the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre.”)

3. Use China to control China and support puppet regimes, such as the Puppet Manchukuo and the Wang Puppet Government, etc.:

4. Use war to feed war and carry out economic plunder;

5. "Three Guangs" policy (targeting base areas behind enemy lines);

6. Gas warfare and germ warfare, such as the Wuhan Battle and the 731 Unit;

7. Forced recruitment of comfort women;

8. Promote enslavement education.

Three: Resistance, united will——

On January 28, 1932, the Japanese army attacked Shanghai and launched the "January 28th Incident". The Sixteenth Route Army rose up to resist.

In March 1932, Japan supported Puyi and established the puppet Manchukuo in Northeast China.

The process of establishing the Anti-Japanese National United Front

(1) On August 1, 1935, the Communist Party of China issued the "August 1st Declaration", calling for an end to the civil war and a unified foreign policy. This was the beginning of the implementation of the anti-Japanese national united front strategy.

(2) In December 1935, the Communist Party of China held the Wayaobao Conference and determined the strategic policy of establishing an anti-Japanese national united front. (3) In 1936, the Xi'an Incident, the Communist Party of China proposed the policy of peacefully solving the Xi'an Incident, marking the second The initial formation of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. (4) On July 8, 1937, the Communist Party of China issued an anti-Japanese message, calling on the people across the country to build a solid Great Wall of the national united front and expel the Japanese invaders from China. (5) In 1937, " After the July 7th Incident, Chiang Kai-shek issued the Lushan Speech, expressing his readiness to resist the war.

(6) On July 15, 1937, the CCP submitted the "Declaration of Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party" to Chiang Kai-shek

(7) In August 1937, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party reached an agreement to reorganize the main force of the Red Army into the Eighth Route Army, and the Red Army guerrillas in the eight southern provinces into the New Fourth Army. (8) On September 22, 1937, the Kuomintang announced the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party submitted by the Communist Party of China. Declaration. The Anti-Japanese National United Front was formally established.

——More than 60 years have passed, and a few Chinese people know that Chiang Kai-shek mobilized 700,000 Kuomintang troops to launch the Battle of Songhu. During the battle, the Kuomintang Air Force blew up the headquarters of the Japanese Marine Corps and sank the flagship of the Japanese Navy's Third Fleet. The Kuomintang Army issued mobilization orders five times to make up for the damage, and more than half of the senior generals above the regiment level died for their country.

The Battle of Songhu failed to prevent the Japanese army from occupying Shanghai, but it changed the Japanese army's strategic deployment on the Chinese battlefield and bought three months of precious time for Shanghai capital to transfer to Chongqing.

——More than 60 years have passed, and several Chinese people know that it is not Ye Ting’s New Fourth Army that impresses foreigners the most, but Sun Liren’s New First Army of the Kuomintang. The New First Army expedition to Burma killed and wounded 109,000 Japanese troops at a cost of 17,000 casualties.

When the New First Army captured the important town of Yubang in Myanmar, his subordinates asked Sun Liren how to deal with Japanese prisoners of war. General Sun's answer was: "Ask those bastards who have been to China. Anyone who has been to China will be shot on the spot." , it will be like this from now on."

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