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Authoritative PPT Summary
"Friction" Force and Motion PPT Courseware
Introduction of new courses
Why do vehicle tires have uneven patterns?
learning target
(1) Know the phenomenon of sliding friction and its causes;
(2) Know the factors that affect the magnitude of sliding friction;
(3) Can give examples of ways to increase beneficial friction and reduce harmful friction;
1. The concept of friction
The tabletop that looks very smooth to the naked eye is also uneven when viewed under a microscope.
When two objects in contact with each other move relative to each other, a force will be generated on the contact surface that hinders the relative movement. This is friction, also called sliding friction.
think
When you push a box, the heavier the box, the harder it is to push; the rougher the ground, the harder it is to push. So, what factors are related to the size of sliding friction?
2. Factors affecting the magnitude of friction
Small experiment: sensing friction
1. Press the tabletop with your hand and push it forward to feel the sliding friction.
2. Increase the force of your hand pressing on the table, push your hand forward again, feel the sliding friction again, and compare it with the first time.
3. Press the surface of the towel spread on the table with your hand (note: the force used should be similar to the first time), push your hand forward, feel the sliding friction force, and compare it with the first time.
Design experiments and formulate plans
experiment equipment:
Spring dynamometer, weights, wooden boards, wooden blocks, towels, cotton cloth, etc.
Notice:
Pull the wooden block in the horizontal direction on a horizontal table to make it move in a straight line at a uniform speed. At this time, the indication of the dynamometer is equal to the sliding friction force.
data analysis
a. What conclusions can be drawn from the two experiments 1 and 2:
When the contact surface roughness is the same, the greater the pressure, the greater the sliding friction.
b. What conclusions can be drawn from the two experiments 2 and 3:
When the pressure is the same, the rougher the contact surface, the greater the sliding friction.
in conclusion
The magnitude of sliding friction is related to the pressure acting on the surface of the object and the roughness of the contact surface. When the roughness of the contact surface is constant, the greater the pressure on the surface, the greater the sliding friction; when the pressure on the surface is constant, the rougher the contact surface, the greater the sliding friction.
think about it
1. What phenomena in daily life have friction?
2. Which of these frictions are beneficial and which are harmful?
3. What are the methods to increase beneficial friction and reduce harmful friction?
3. Methods to increase and reduce friction
Want to discuss
How should friction be increased? Can you give us a few more examples of using friction and increasing friction in your life?
1. Increase friction
(1) Increase pressure
(2) Increase the roughness of the contact surface
2. Reduce friction
(1) Reduce pressure
(2) Reduce the roughness of the contact surface
(3) Change sliding to scrolling
(4) Use methods such as adding lubricating oil to separate the two friction surfaces that are in contact with each other.
Practice in class
1. Please indicate whether each of the following events is intended to increase friction or reduce friction? What methods were used?
(1) Sprinkle ash on the road after snow in the north
(2) The bicycle shaft should be equipped with ball bearings
(3) Lubricating oil should be injected into the bicycle shaft
(4) When braking on a bicycle
(5) The knobs of the radio recorder are engraved with patterns.
(6) Gymnasts often apply some magnesium powder on their hands before putting on the equipment to prevent their hands from slipping off the equipment.
2. Which of the following frictions is harmful friction ( )
A. Friction between bicycle brake pads and steel rims
B. The friction between the horizontal bar athlete’s hand and the horizontal bar when he ascends the bar
C. Friction between the car and the air when driving
D. When people walk, the friction between shoes and the ground
3. Use a spring balance to pull an object placed on the ground in the horizontal direction to make it move in a straight line at a constant speed. The spring balance shows 5N, and the friction force it receives is ( )
A, 6N B, 5N C, 1N D, 11N
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"Friction" interaction PPT:
"Friction" Interaction PPT Part One Content: Learning Objectives 1. Know the conditions under which sliding friction occurs, and be able to determine its direction and solve for the magnitude of sliding friction. 2. Knowing the conditions under which static friction occurs, you can determine its direction and solve for the magnitude of static friction.