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"Fossil Fuels" Combustion Knowledge PPT Courseware 2
Understanding fossil fuels
Coal, oil and natural gas are the three most important fossil fuels in the world.
Coal - the food of industry
Oil - the blood of industry
Natural gas - the main component is methane (CH4)
Coal, oil and natural gas are all mixtures, mainly containing carbon and hydrogen elements. All are non-renewable resources.
Extraction of coal, oil and natural gas
carbonization of coal
The process of isolating coal from air and intensifying heat to decompose it is called carbonization or coking of coal. During the decomposition of coal, coke, coal tar, coke oven gas, etc. can be generated. (Chemical change) Among them, coke is an important raw material in the metallurgical industry;
Coal tar is an important chemical raw material, and coke oven gas contains gaseous fuels such as methane, ethylene, and carbon monoxide, which are important fuels.
oil
The oil extracted from oil wells is also called crude oil, which is a viscous liquid.
Petroleum mainly contains two elements: carbon and hydrogen. There are also small amounts of nitrogen and sulfur elements
Many households in cities and towns use a kind of canned "gas" as fuel for cooking. The cans contain liquefied petroleum gas.
Fossil fuel combustion and environmental pollution
Fossil fuels are the world's current non-renewable primary energy source.
Three major types of pollution caused by the burning of fossil fuels:
1. Air pollution
a Combustion produces air pollutant SO2
b Incomplete combustion produces harmful gas CO, carbon black particles and other inhalable particulate matter.
c Combustion produces CO2 causing the "greenhouse effect".
2. Thermal pollution
3. Greenhouse effect
The burning of fossil fuels pollutes the air. How can we reduce this pollution?
Burn low-sulfur high-quality coal or use fuel desulfurization technology to reduce SO2 emissions.
Try to burn the fuel completely.
Plant trees.
Reduce the burning of fossil fuels.
Development of new energy.
Measures to reduce air pollution caused by vehicle exhaust
Improve engine combustion
Use catalytic purification device
Use unleaded gasoline
Ban substandard vehicles from the road
Switch to compressed natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas as fuel
hydrogen
Advantages: non-toxic, extremely flammable, combustion product is water, large heat release
The cleanest high-energy fuel
Due to the high cost of production and difficulty in storage, it is not widely used as fuel.
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