"Formation of Solution" Solution PPT Courseware 4

"Formation of Solution" Solution PPT Courseware 4

1. Solution

1. Definition: One or several substances are dispersed into another substance to form a uniform and stable mixture, which is called dissolution.

2. Characteristics: Uniformity, stability

Homogeneity: refers to the same composition and properties of any part of the solution

Stability: The solution exists stably when the external conditions remain unchanged.

Mixture: All solutions are mixtures

Notice:

1. The solution is not necessarily a liquid, it can also be a gaseous or solid state such as air or alloy.

2. The solution is transparent, but not necessarily colorless, such as copper sulfate solution

3. A uniform and stable liquid is not necessarily a solution (water)

Exercise 1: There is 100 ml of NaCl solution in the beaker. Please compare the density at A and B ( )

A：A >B B：A

C: A= B D: Not sure

Exercise 2: When the water does not evaporate and the temperature does not change, after the KNO3 solution is left for one year, KNO3 will ( )

A: Will settle B: Will not separate

C: Will float to the water D: Not sure

in conclusion:

1. The same solute has the solubility in _________solvent_____; different solutes have the solubility in _________solvent_____

2. Water is the most commonly used solvent, and gasoline, alcohol, etc. can also be used as solvents;

Notice:

1. If the added solute is not completely dissolved, then the solute is only the part that is actually dissolved.

2. For any solution, there can be multiple solutes, but there is only one solvent.

3. When two substances react completely, the newly formed substance is a solute, and the precipitated precipitate or escaped gas is not a solute. If there is a remainder of the reactant and it is dissolved in water, the remainder and the newly formed substance are both solutes. .

judge:

1. The solution is a colorless and transparent liquid.

2. A mixture of ice and water is a solution.

3. After pouring out half of the salt solution, it becomes dilute.

4. Under the condition that the temperature remains unchanged and the water does not evaporate, the sucrose in the sucrose solution will separate from the water.

5. A uniform and stable liquid must be a solution.

ask:

Both detergent and gasoline can remove oil stains, but do they have the same decontamination principles?

Principle of detergent decontamination: Detergent has an emulsifying function, which disperses oil stains into countless small droplets. The small droplets do not gather together, but flow away with the water. ------emulsification

The principle of gasoline degreasing: oil molecules are dispersed into gasoline to form a solution to remove oil stains. ------dissolve

Summary: General situation

Heat release: Concentrated sulfuric acid dissolves in water, NaOH solid dissolves in water, CaO, K2O reacts with water

Endothermic: ammonium salts dissolve in water, such as NH4NO3

Neither endothermic nor exothermic: NaCl, sucrose

Which of the following liquids is a solution is___________. (fill in the serial number)

① Beer ② Water ③ Mud water ④ Clarified lime water ⑤ Hydrochloric acid

If the density of the upper part of a certain cup of salt water placed for a long time is a g/cm3, then the density of the lower part is ( )

A. Greater than a g/cm3 B. Equal to a g/cm3

C. Less than a g/cm3 D. Unable to judge

Among the following cleaning methods, the one that utilizes emulsification is ( )

A. Wash your hands with tap water B. Use gasoline to clean oil stains

C. Use detergent to wash greasy tableware D. Use hydrochloric acid to remove rust

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