"Floating and sinking conditions and applications of objects" Buoyancy PPT courseware

"Floating and sinking conditions and applications of objects" Buoyancy PPT courseware

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1. Why does a wooden block submerged in water float upward?

2. Why does an iron block immersed in water sink to the bottom of a container?

3． Why does an iron block immersed in mercury float upward?

4. Why can ships made of steel sail on the sea?

5. Objects in liquids all experience buoyancy. Why do some float, some sink, and some float?

1. Floating and sinking conditions of objects

1. The relationship between buoyancy and gravity

Float up: F float>G

Levitation: F Float = G

Sinking: F float＜G

Float: F float = G

2. The relationship between the density of objects and the density of liquids

Research conditions: A solid object is immersed in a liquid and is subject to gravity and buoyancy.

Buoyancy: F float = r liquid gV displacement;

Gravity: G = r object g V object;

V row = V thing

3． Discussion of floating and sinking conditions

(1) Floating and sinking are unbalanced states; suspension and floating are equilibrium (stationary) states.

(2) Floating, sinking and suspending: row V = V; floating: row V < V

(3) When using floating and sinking conditions for hollow objects, the average density of the object, ρ, can be compared with the density of the liquid, ρ.

ship

(1) Working principle: Making steel into a hollow ship can displace more water and float on the water.

(2) Displacement (m displacement): the mass of water displaced when the ship is fully loaded: F float = m displacement g and F float = G

∴ m ship + m cargo = m row

(3) Load line

submarine

Simulated submarine: Use a syringe to inject into the sealed bottle, drain the water in the bottle, and the bottle floats upwards

Working principle: It floats and dives by changing its own gravity.

3. Analysis of examples

Example 1 Regarding buoyancy, which of the following statements is correct ( ).

A. A floating object must experience a greater buoyant force than a sinking object.

B. Objects sinking at the bottom of the container must not be buoyant

C. Objects floating in water may be suspended in kerosene

D. The deeper an object is submerged in the water, the greater the buoyant force it will experience.

Example 2: A ship sails from the sea into a river. The gravity it experiences is _____, the buoyancy force it experiences is _____; the volume of water it displaces is _____. (Fill in to get bigger, smaller or the same)

【Analysis】

The ship floats on the sea, F float = G;

It sails into the river and floats on the river: F′ float = G.

∵ G remains unchanged, ∴ F floats unchanged:

F float = F′ float

ρ sea water g V row = ρ sea water g V′ row,

∵ ρ seawater > ρ seawater , ∴ V row > V′ row

Operation

1. Using the same density meter to measure the density of different liquids, which of the following statements is correct ( )

A The higher the density meter floats, the greater the buoyancy force it experiences.

B Density meters float in different liquids, and the buoyancy forces they experience are all equal.

C The larger the displacement volume of the density meter, the greater the density of the liquid.

D The higher the density meter floats, the denser the liquid.

2. When a solid aluminum ball and an iron ball of equal mass are placed in water, the buoyant force on the iron ball _____ the buoyant force on the aluminum ball; if they are placed in mercury at rest, the buoyant force on the iron ball _____ buoyancy (optional ">", "<", "=")

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