"Feudal States and Christian Civilization in Western Europe" The successive rise and fall of medieval Eurasian countries PPT courseware

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"Feudal States and Christian Civilization in Western Europe" The successive rise and fall of medieval Eurasian countries PPT courseware

Part One: Feudal Manor Economy in Western Europe

The concrete embodiment of feudal system in social life

manor

The manor was the basic organizational unit of rural agricultural production in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. Quite similar to today's rural areas. Belongs to feudal nature. The size of the manor varies, usually a natural village, and the larger ones include several natural villages.

lord

The lord refers to the feudal lord of the manor, including the king, nobles and church. He owned the land and various handicraft workshops in the manor.

The size of the manor varies, usually a natural village, and the larger ones include several natural villages. In addition to the lord's residence, the manor also had living quarters for the serfs and a church. In addition, there are warehouses, mills, oil mills, iron workshops and bakeries. Various handicraft workshops mainly served the lords, and farmers had to pay fees to use them. The cultivated land was divided into strips, and the land of feudal lords and the land of serfs intertwined with each other. There are forest lands in the manor to provide firewood and timber; there are grasslands to provide fodder; there are rivers to provide water sources; and some ponds are used to raise fish.

Western European Feudal Countries and Christian Civilization PPT, Part 2: Independent Learning:

Observe the textbook picture 2-3 "European Medieval Manor" and answer:

1. What buildings are there in the manor? Who lives there?

Feudal main castle, church, mill, serf residence.

Inhabited by kings, nobles, priests, serfs, etc.

2. Who were the main owners of medieval country manors?

Who is attached to the manor owner? How is their relationship?

king, nobles, church, serfs

Relationship: The master is the lord, the laborer is the serf, and the serf is attached to the lord and is exploited and oppressed by him

3. Find the serfs and lords and their residences in the picture. Can you describe the life of serfs and lords?

Lord: Live in a luxurious and majestic castle and enjoy the products produced by the serfs.

Serfs: lived in low huts and worked hard all year round.

4. From the comparison of the lives of serfs and lords, what do you think of the social status of serfs?

Serfs were the main producers in society, but they had the lowest status and were the most oppressed.

The layout of the estate has strict class boundaries

Western European Feudal States and Christian Civilization PPT, Part Three: Exploration

Is the manor a "paradise"?

How are the people living in the manor?

All its production is not for sale, but mainly to provide living materials for the lords and their families. At the same time, it also provides daily necessities for the producers and their families. Only a very small amount of market trading activities exist.

The manor was a product of the extremely low level of productivity in Western Europe at that time. The manor was by no means a paradise. With the recovery and development of productivity, the decline of manors and the rise of cities became inevitable.

Feudal States and Christian Civilization in Western Europe PPT, Part 4: The Rise and Development of Western European Cities

1. When did cities in Western Europe rise? What are the important cities?

Time of rise: 11th century

Paris and London political and trade centers

Venice and Genoa Foreign Trade

Florence handicrafts

The rise of cities marked the entry of European feudal society into a period of development and had a positive and far-reaching impact on the development and changes of European politics and economy.

Reasons for the rise of cities: Increased productivity in Western Europe

In the early Middle Ages in Western Europe, due to wars and economic decline, most of the once prosperous Roman cities were in ruins. Around the 11th century, with the improvement of productivity, the handicraft industry gradually developed. Some serfs with specialized skills escaped from feudal manors and set up workshops near traffic arteries, ferries, monasteries, and castles, and became handicraft producers. Businessmen also gathered in these places. In order to prevent intrusion, they built fences or walls in the settlements. On this basis, new industrial and commercial cities gradually formed.

2. The emergence of guilds

Western European guild system: a trade group organization established by industry by Western European urban craftsmen, which originated from the 11th to 12th centuries.

What is the reason for the emergence of guilds?

Resist the oppression of feudal lords and protect the common interests of craftsmen

Guess: Which guilds are they insignia of?

3. The significance of the emergence of cities:

The conditions were prepared for the rise of capitalism.

Western European Feudal States and Christian Civilization PPT, Part 5: Summary of this Lesson

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Europe entered feudal society. During this period, Europe's politics, economy and culture underwent tremendous changes.

Politically: Europe's feudal land system and hierarchy gradually took shape.

Economically: The emergence of the feudal large manor economy, especially the prosperity of the urban economy from the 11th century, had a profound impact on the subsequent historical development of Europe.

Culturally: Christian culture went from being banned to becoming the dominant ideology in Europe. Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations were almost completely abandoned. The power of the church was even higher than the feudal kingship, which had a great impact on the development of European society.

Western European Feudal Countries and Christian Civilization PPT, Part Six: Summary of this Lesson

European medieval feudal system

Hierarchy: feudal master-slave relationship in which kings and vassals have mutual obligations

Manor system, small self-sufficient society

Serfdom System and Land Tenancy Relationship in the Changlao Manor

Christianity occupies a dominant position in thought

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Update Time: 2024-10-20

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