"Fascist Dictatorship in Germany, Italy and Japan" The Western World under the Versailles-Washington System PPT Courseware 3

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"Fascist Dictatorship in Germany, Italy and Japan" The Western World under the Versailles-Washington System PPT Courseware 3

Review the past and learn the new

1. What are the countries and industries where the economic crisis first started, and what are the time and characteristics of the crisis?

2. What is the United States’ response to the great economic crisis? What are the industries, central measures, and core areas to be rectified first?

3. What are the premise, essence, and characteristics of Roosevelt’s New Deal?

4. How did Roosevelt’s New Deal solve the unemployment problem? What policies are adopted for vulnerable groups?

5. What countermeasures did Germany and Japan take in the face of the economic crisis?

The origin of fascism

The highest administrator during the ancient Roman Republic was accompanied by 12 guards, each holding a bunch of sticks. Among the sticks was a battle ax symbolizing the highest power of the country. The beam is pronounced "fascist" in their language.

Modern fascist dictatorship is an extremely authoritarian reign of terror implemented internally by the monopoly bourgeoisie. Such as Germany and Japan.

1. The establishment of the fascist dictatorship in Italy

1. The background of Mussolini’s establishment of fascist dictatorship

2. Fascist dictatorship was established in Italy

3. The Reign of Terror of the Italian Fascist Dictatorship

background

After World War I, Italy experienced economic decline, political chaos, and mass revolution.

Mussolini formed the Fascist Party and a dictatorship emerged.

2. The establishment of the German fascist regime

1.Background

2. Create a logo

3. The domestic and foreign policies of the German fascist regime

Germany in Crisis 1929-1933

Industrial production fell 40.6%

Agricultural production dropped by 30%

Foreign trade shrank by 69.1%

Unemployed workers account for 1/3, reaching 6 million people

What does the above material indicate?

The world economic crisis of the 1920s and 1930s severely hit Germany.

Please summarize the domestic and foreign policies of the German fascist regime.

Internal terror and dictatorship

Create a "Congress arson case" to attack the Communist Party.

Disband unions and ban other political parties

Strengthen the machine of dictatorship and persecute revolutionaries

Burning books to strengthen thought control

Crazy persecution of Jews

Foreign military expansion and preparation for war

Implement militarization of the national economy

In 1935, the Treaty of Versailles was torn up and universal compulsory military service was implemented.

Entered the Rhine Demilitarized Zone in 1936

The establishment of the Nazi German regime

1. The bourgeoisie urgently needs to break the shackles of the Treaty of Versailles and enable Germany to regain its colonies; internally: it needs to strengthen its suppression of the growing revolutionary forces in the country.

2 Reactionary theories: nationalism, racism, revanchism and the expansionist ambition to establish a great German empire.

3. The development of Nazi power: The Nazi Party became a major party in Congress.

4. A symbol of the establishment of the German fascist regime: Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in 1933. This was a symbol of the formation of the European origin of the world war.

5. Manifestations of Hitler’s terrorist dictatorship: calling the head of state, arson attack on the Reichstag, disbanding all trade union organizations and all political parties except the Nazi Party, burning progressive books, and strengthening ideological control.

6 The German political police "Gestapo" was established to imprison progressives without legal procedures. The fascist organizations SA and SS created countless public violence against Jews and persecuted political opponents. For example, Einstein was forced to live in exile in the United States.

3. Fascism of Japan

1. The impact of the economic crisis on Japan

2. The gradual establishment of the fascist dictatorship of the military

3. The formation of the source of war in Asia

What is the military department?

The Military Department refers to the huge military bureaucracy in Japan at that time, including the Army Ministry, the Navy Ministry, the Staff Headquarters of the Army High Command, the Military Command Department of the Navy High Command, etc. The Japanese Military Headquarters is the supporter and concentration center of Japanese fascist forces.

Japan’s main aggressive activities against Northeast my country before launching the September 18th Incident

After the Russo-Japanese War, my country's Liaodong Peninsula was renamed "Kwantung Prefecture" and its army was called the Kwantung Army.

The 1927 "Tanaka Memorial" clamored, "If you want to conquer China, you must conquer Manchuria and Mongolia; if you want to conquer the world, you must first conquer China."

The 1931 "Outline of the Plan for Solving the Manchuria Question" made specific arrangements for the invasion of Northeast China and was conveyed to the Kwantung Army.

"226" Mutiny

On February 26, 1936, a bloody military coup was carried out by young fascist officers of the Imperial Road faction. It was also a decisive battle between the imperial faction and the ruling faction within the army.

The cause of the coup was that the young generals of the Imperial School were influenced by the ideas of Kitaki, the originator of Japanese fascism, and attempted to seize power by using a bloody military coup to transform the country and establish a military dictatorship.

The February 26 incident was the last military coup launched by Japanese fascist young officers. Taking this incident as an opportunity, Okada Keisuke's cabinet resigned, and the military strengthened their political voice with bloody repression. After Koki Hirota formed the cabinet, under the strong request of General Toruichi Terauchi, the candidate for the Minister of War, he agreed to restore the active-duty military attache system of the Minister of War. The military had the power to overthrow the cabinet at any time. After that, Japan quickly moved towards the path of military fascist dictatorship.

World war, the source of war in Asia, was formed

The fascists implemented a reign of terror at home and expanded their arms and prepared for war abroad.

For example: 1. Implement a reign of terror internally. A. Instigated an arson attack on the Capitol and arrested as many as 60,000 to 70,000 communists and progressives; B. Promoted a policy of genocide and frantically persecuted Jews. About 6 million Jews were massacred. C. Strictly control ideological and cultural education, implement dictatorship over the propaganda and public opinion circles, progressive books are burned, and all cultural life must conform to Nazi ideology. 2. Expansion of external armaments and preparations for war. A. Militarization of the national economy: Military expenditures increased sharply, from 6.2 billion marks in 1935 to 1936, and soared to 16 billion marks in 1938 to 1939. B. Implement universal compulsory military service and intend to expand the reserve army to 6 million. C. Bravely march into the Rhine Demilitarized Zone. D. Crazy military expansion and war preparations, becoming the source of war in Europe. In September 1939, it invaded Poland and started World War II.

self-test

1. The famous painting "Guernica" of the 20th century was painted in 1937 to protest the atrocities of the German invasion of Spain. its author is

A. Picasso B. Voltaire C. Beethoven D. Roosevelt

2. In the 1930s and 1940s, the main factor threatening world peace and security was

A. The invasion of fascist forces B. The United States and the Soviet Union Struggle for Hegemony

C. Western powers pursue appeasement policies D. religious strife

3. The picture on the left shows Federal German Chancellor Brandt kneeling in front of a memorial to the victims in Warsaw in 1970, asking for forgiveness for the war victims on behalf of Germany. The victims commemorated by this monument were

A. Serbian b. Jewish c. French D. Greek

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"Fascist Dictatorship in Germany, Italy and Japan" The Western World under the Versailles-Washington System PPT Courseware 2:

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"Fascist Dictatorship in Germany, Italy and Japan" PPT courseware on the Western World under the Versailles-Washington System:

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Update Time: 2024-11-22

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